%0 Journal Article
%T Long-Term Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Clinical Trials and Real-World Data: A Systematic Review.
%A Kurosawa M
%A Sekine M
%A Yamaguchi M
%A Kudo R
%A Hanley SJB
%A Hara M
%A Adachi S
%A Ueda Y
%A Miyagi E
%A Ikeda S
%A Yagi A
%A Enomoto T
%A Kurosawa M
%A Sekine M
%A Yamaguchi M
%A Kudo R
%A Hanley SJB
%A Hara M
%A Adachi S
%A Ueda Y
%A Miyagi E
%A Ikeda S
%A Yagi A
%A Enomoto T
%A Kurosawa M
%A Sekine M
%A Yamaguchi M
%A Kudo R
%A Hanley SJB
%A Hara M
%A Adachi S
%A Ueda Y
%A Miyagi E
%A Ikeda S
%A Yagi A
%A Enomoto T
%J Vaccines (Basel)
%V 10
%N 2
%D Feb 2022 8
%M 35214713
%F 4.961
%R 10.3390/vaccines10020256
%X The preventive effect of HPV vaccines against anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers has been proven in both clinical trials and real-world data. We reviewed the published evidence about the long-term efficacy and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in available papers of clinical trials and real-world data. As far as we searched, the longest period of preventive effect for the bivalent, 4-valent, and 9-valent vaccine were 11 years in the Costa Rica trial, 14 years in the FUTURE II, and 8 years in the LTFU extension study of V503-002 and the Scandinavian study, respectively. The sustained clinical effect during the observation period was longest for the 4-valent vaccine. In real-world data, the longest observation period of the vaccine effectiveness was 12 years in an Australian study for the 4-valent vaccine. On the other hand, the longest period of long-term persistence of HPV vaccine-induced seropositivity was 14 years in FUTURE II for the 4-valent vaccine. For the bivalent vaccine, additional long-term follow-up studies may not have been planned due to the launch of the 4-valent and 9-valent vaccines. In some studies of the 9-valent vaccine, the results have not yet been published because of the short observation period. The additional results are expected in the future. In a national immunization program, most girls and boys are inoculated with HPV vaccine by the time puberty begins; thus, it is important to monitor the vaccine effect at least until the sexually active period in their 20s and 30s.