%0 Journal Article %T Human pre-mRNA 3' end processing: reconstituting is believing. %A Yoon Y %A Shi Y %J Genes Dev %V 36 %N 3 %D 02 2022 1 %M 35193945 %F 12.89 %R 10.1101/gad.349453.122 %X It is every biochemist's dream to reconstitute a biological process in vitro using defined components, because doing so not only reduces a biological phenomenon to one or a series of biochemical reactions, but also defines the minimal list of essential components. In this issue of Genes & Development, Boreikaite and colleagues (pp. 210-224) and Schmidt and colleagues (pp. 195-209) report their independent reconstitution of human pre-mRNA 3' end processing.