%0 Journal Article
%T The Two β-Arrestins Regulate Distinct Metabolic Processes: Studies with Novel Mutant Mouse Models.
%A Wess J
%J Int J Mol Sci
%V 23
%N 1
%D Jan 2022 2
%M 35008921
%F 6.208
%R 10.3390/ijms23010495
%X The two β-arrestins (β-arrestin-1 and -2; alternative names: arrestin-2 and -3, respectively) are well known for their ability to inhibit signaling via G protein-coupled receptors. However, β-arrestins can also act as signaling molecules in their own right. Although the two proteins share a high degree of sequence and structural homology, early studies with cultured cells indicated that β-arrestin-1 and -2 are not functionally redundant. Recently, the in vivo metabolic roles of the two β-arrestins have been studied using mutant mice selectively lacking either β-arrestin-1 or -2 in cell types that are of particular relevance for regulating glucose and energy homeostasis. These studies demonstrated that the β-arrestin-1 and -2 mutant mice displayed distinct metabolic phenotypes in vivo, providing further evidence for the functional heterogeneity of these two highly versatile signaling proteins.