%0 Journal Article
%T Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance.
%A Koehler P
%A Bassetti M
%A Chakrabarti A
%A Chen SCA
%A Colombo AL
%A Hoenigl M
%A Klimko N
%A Lass-Flörl C
%A Oladele RO
%A Vinh DC
%A Zhu LP
%A Böll B
%A Brüggemann R
%A Gangneux JP
%A Perfect JR
%A Patterson TF
%A Persigehl T
%A Meis JF
%A Ostrosky-Zeichner L
%A White PL
%A Verweij PE
%A Cornely OA
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%A  
%J Lancet Infect Dis
%V 21
%N 6
%D 06 2021
%M 33333012
%F 71.421
%R 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30847-1
%X Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling aspergillus invasion. Reports of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have raised concerns about it worsening the disease course of COVID-19 and increasing mortality. Additionally, the first cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant aspergillus have been reported. This article constitutes a consensus statement on defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, prepared by experts and endorsed by medical mycology societies. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty. Recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole. If azole resistance is a concern, then liposomal amphotericin B is the drug of choice. Our aim is to provide definitions for clinical research and up-to-date recommendations for clinical management of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.