%0 Journal Article
%T Pretreatment with Retro-2 protects cells from death caused by ricin toxin by retaining the capacity of protein synthesis.
%A Jiao Z
%A Ke Y
%A Li S
%A Su D
%A Gan C
%A Hu L
%A Zhao X
%A Gao B
%A Song Y
%A Zhou D
%A Qiu Y
%A Yang H
%J J Appl Toxicol
%V 40
%N 10
%D 10 2020
%M 32474962
%F 3.628
%R 10.1002/jat.3997
%X The current study explores the detoxification effect of Retro-2 on ricin toxin (RT) cytotoxicity, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects, to provide a basis for follow-up clinical applications of Retro-2. The mouse-derived mononuclear/macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was used to evaluate the detoxification effect of Retro-2 on RT by detecting cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and the expression of cytokines, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related mRNA. The results indicated that many cells died when challenged with concentrations of RT ≥50ng/mL. The protein synthesis capacity of cells decreased when challenged with 200ng/mL RT for 2hours. Furthermore, the synthesis and release of many cytokines decreased, while the expression of cytokines or ERS-related mRNA increased when challenged with 200ng/mL of RT for 12 or more hours. However, cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and release levels of many cytokines were higher, while the expression levels of cytokine, or ERS-related mRNA, were lower in cells pretreated with 20μm Retro-2 and challenged with RT, compared with those that had not been pretreated with Retro-2. In conclusion, Retro-2 retained the capacity for protein synthesis inhibited by RT, alleviated ERS induced by RT and increased the viability of cells challenged with RT. Retro-2 shows the potential for clinical applications.