%0 Journal Article %T What evidence should guidelines take note of? %A Cartwright N %J J Eval Clin Pract %V 24 %N 5 %D 10 2018 %M 29882333 %F 2.336 %R 10.1111/jep.12959 %X The Guidelines Challenge Conference on which this special issue builds asked as the first of its "further relevant questions": "How do we incorporate more types of causally relevant information in guidelines?" This paper first supports the presupposition of this question-that we need further kinds of evidence-by pointing out that the randomized controlled trial, touted as the best source of evidence on effectiveness, can do so little for us. Second, it outlines a number of other good ways to learn what will work that the medical community, and much of the public health community, is not making much use of.