%0 Journal Article
%T [Evaluation of ergonomic load of clinical nursing procedures].
%A Yan P
%A Zhang L
%A Li FY
%A Yang Y
%A Wang YN
%A Huang AM
%A Dai YL
%A Yao H
%J Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi
%V 35
%N 8
%D Aug 2017 20
%M 29081125
暂无%R 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.08.006
%X Objective: To evaluate the ergonomic load of clinical nursing procedures and to provide evidence for the prevention and management of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in nurses. Methods: Based on the nursing unit characteristics and the common departments involving patient-turning procedures, 552 nurses were selected from 6 clinical departments from July to September, 2016. The ergonomic load of four types of patient-turning procedures, i.e., turning the patient's body, changing the bed linen of in-bed patients, moving patients, and chest physiotherapy, was evaluated by the on-site inspectors and self-evaluated by the operators using the Quick Exposure Check. The exposure value, exposure level, and exposure rate of WMSDs were assessed based on the procedure-related physical loads on the back, shoulders/arms, wrists/hands and neck, as well as the loads from work rhythm and work pressure. Results: All surveyed subjects were females who were aged mostly between 26-30 years (49.46%) , with a mean age of 29.66±5.28 years. These nurses were mainly from the Department of Infection (28.99%) and Spine Surgery (21.56%) . There were significant differences in the back, shoulders/arms, neck, work rhythm, and work pressure scores between different nursing procedures (F=16.613, 5.884, 3.431, 3.222, and 5.085, respectively; P<0.05) . Patient-turning nursing procedures resulted in high to intermediate physical load in nurses. Procedures with high to low level of WMSDs exposure were patient turning (72.69%) , bed linen changing (67.15%) , patient transfer (65.82%) , and chest physiotherapy (58.34%) . In particular, patient turning was considered as very high-risk procedure, whereas others were considered as high-risk procedures. Conclusion: Patient-turning nursing procedures result in high ergonomic load in the operators. Therefore, more focus should be placed on the ergonomics of the caretakers and nurses.<BR>目的： 对临床护理操作项目进行工作负荷的工效学评价，为护士的职业性肌肉骨骼疾患（WMSDs）的防范与管理提供依据。 方法： 于2016年7至9月，根据护理单元特点和翻身类护理操作项目常见科室，选取6个临床科室的552名护士作为调查对象，采用快速暴露检查（QEC）法，通过现场观察员评价与操作者自评相结合的方式，对翻身、卧床病人更换床单、搬运病人以及叩背排痰4项翻身类护理操作项目进行负荷评价，涉及各操作项目产生的背部、肩/臂、腕/手、颈部的负荷以及工作节奏和工作压力的负荷状态，评价WMSDs暴露分值和暴露等级以及暴露率。 结果： 调查对象均为女性，年龄以26~30岁为主（49.46%），平均年龄为（29.66±5.28）岁；科室以感染科和脊柱外科为主，分别占28.99%和21.56%。不同护理操作项目护士的背部、肩/臂部、颈部及工作节奏和工作压力评分差异均有统计学意义（F=16.613、5.884、3.431、3.222、5.085，P<0.05）。翻身类护理操作项目分别处于高和中等负荷水平，暴露水平由高到低分别为翻身（72.69%）、卧床病人更换床单（67.15%）、搬运病人（65.82%）、叩背排痰（58.34%），且翻身属于超高风险等级，其他项为高风险等级。 结论： 翻身类护理操作项目工效学负荷水平较高，应提高管理者及护士自身的关注。.