%0 Historical Article
%T Esophageal cancer staging: past, present, and future.
%A Rice TW
%A Blackstone EH
%J Thorac Surg Clin
%V 23
%N 4
%D Nov 2013
%M 24199696
暂无%R 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2013.07.004
%X TNM cancer staging, conceived 70 years ago, was first applied to the esophagus in 1977. Prior staging was neither data-driven nor harmonized with stomach cancer. Machine-learning analysis of worldwide data addressed these shortcomings in the 7th edition. The 8th edition considers 6 problems in attempting to advance esophageal cancer staging.