Abstract：
Wheat productivity is constrained by genetic, agronomic, and climate factors, though it is an important crop for food production worldwide. The present study evaluated the effect of bio-fertilizer consortia and seaweed extracts on the growth and yield of two wheat varieties under different irrigation regimes in a field study. This experiment was conducted in a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2018 and 2019. Irrigation treatments were the main factor, wheat variety (Sardari and Sirvan) the sub-factor, and bio-fertilizers the sub-sub-factors. The results showed that irrigation regimes significantly improved leaf width, number of leaves, fresh weight of roots and shoots, osmotic potential, leaf water content, and number of stomata respectively by 57.53, 38.59, 106.65, 135.29, 87.92, 14.22 and 13.77, 88.02 and 96.11 percent compared to dry-land conditions. Applying one- and two-times irrigation increased grain yield by 51% and 79%, respectively, and the response varied in wheat varieties. Sardari variety due to having smaller leaf dimensions (Leaf length and width) and lower fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, as well as lower leaf and tissue water content, had lower grain yield than the Sirvan variety. All the bio-fertilizers positively impacted the growth and yield of both varieties. However, the highest average grain yield in the first and second years of the experiment (with an average of 5226.25 and 4923.33 kg/ha, respectively) were found under the combined application of Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist + Seaweed extract. The results of the present study underscore the importance of irrigation regimes and consortia of bio-fertilizers for improving grain yield. This study also highlighted the resilience of the studied wheat varieties and bio-fertilizers to projected climate changes. These findings could provide insights into adaptive strategies for mitigating the impact of climate change on wheat production.
摘要：
小麦生产力受到遗传的制约,农艺，和气候因素，尽管它是全球粮食生产的重要作物。本研究在田间研究中评估了生物肥料和海藻提取物对不同灌溉方式下两个小麦品种生长和产量的影响。该实验是在基于随机完整块设计的拆分图中进行的，在2018年和2019年进行了四次重复。灌溉处理是主要因素，小麦品种(Sardari和Sirvan)的子因子，和生物肥料的子因素。结果表明，灌水制度显著提高了叶片宽度，叶子的数量,根和芽的鲜重，渗透势，叶片含水量,与旱地相比，气孔数量分别为57.53、38.59、106.65、135.29、87.92、14.22和13.77、88.02和96.11％。施用一次和两次灌溉，使谷物产量分别提高了51％和79％，分别,小麦品种的响应各不相同。Sardari品种由于具有较小的叶尺寸（叶长和宽）和较低的根和芽的新鲜和干重，以及较低的叶片和组织含水量，谷物产量低于Sirvan品种。所有生物肥料都对两个品种的生长和产量产生了积极影响。然而,实验第一年和第二年的平均谷物产量最高（平均为5226.25和4923.33千克/公顷，分别）在菌根+硝化作用和磷化作用+海藻提取物的联合应用下发现。本研究的结果强调了灌溉制度和生物肥料对提高谷物产量的重要性。这项研究还强调了所研究的小麦品种和生物肥料对预测的气候变化的恢复力。这些发现可以为减轻气候变化对小麦生产影响的适应性策略提供见解。
