Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Various anatomical variations of the inferior alveolar canal increase the incidence of surgical complications; Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency and configuration of bifid and trifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Turkish subpopulation.
METHODS: The inferior alveolar canal was evaluated on 1014 hemi-mandibles in the CBCT (I-CAT 3D Imaging System) images of 513 patients. The frequency and configuration of the bifid and trifid mandibular canal (MC) were examined. The relationship between bifid MC configuration and dental status and age groups was analyzed. The distance of the accessory canal to the buccal and lingual walls and the alveolar crest was measured. The diameter of the main canal and accessory canal was measured and its relationship with dental status and age groups was evaluated.
RESULTS: Bifid MC was found in 266 hemi-mandibles (24.7%) and 212 (41.3%) of 513 patients. The most common type of bifid MC was the retromolar canal (87 sides), followed by the forward canal without confluence (41; 4%) and the dental canal (34; 3.4%). 10 of the dental canals were opening to the 1st molar, 14 of the 2nd molars, and 10 of the 3rd molars. The number of retromolar foramina was 1 on 56 sides, 2 on 15 sides, and 3 on 4 sides. Forward canal without confluence was more common in edentulous patients than in dentulous patients, while the dental canal was more common in dentulous patients. The main canal diameter was 3.53 ± 0.97 mm and the bifid MC diameter was 1.82 ± 0.70 mm. Distance of the bifid MC to the lingual wall was higher in the > 64 years group than in the 18-39 years group (p = 0.022). Distance of the bifid MC to the alveolar crest was lower in the > 64 years group compared to the 18-39 years group and 40-64 years group (p = 0.015). The main canal diameter was higher in the 40-64 years group than in the 18-39 years group (p = 0.012).
CONCLUSIONS: Bifid MC has a high prevalence, occurring in almost one in two patients. Dental and retromolar types, which are close to the teeth, are more common, and this increases the possibility of complications. CBCT is the most accurate imaging technique used to detect and define these variations.
METHODS: The inferior alveolar canal was evaluated on 1014 hemi-mandibles in the CBCT (I-CAT 3D Imaging System) images of 513 patients. The frequency and configuration of the bifid and trifid mandibular canal (MC) were examined. The relationship between bifid MC configuration and dental status and age groups was analyzed. The distance of the accessory canal to the buccal and lingual walls and the alveolar crest was measured. The diameter of the main canal and accessory canal was measured and its relationship with dental status and age groups was evaluated.
RESULTS: Bifid MC was found in 266 hemi-mandibles (24.7%) and 212 (41.3%) of 513 patients. The most common type of bifid MC was the retromolar canal (87 sides), followed by the forward canal without confluence (41; 4%) and the dental canal (34; 3.4%). 10 of the dental canals were opening to the 1st molar, 14 of the 2nd molars, and 10 of the 3rd molars. The number of retromolar foramina was 1 on 56 sides, 2 on 15 sides, and 3 on 4 sides. Forward canal without confluence was more common in edentulous patients than in dentulous patients, while the dental canal was more common in dentulous patients. The main canal diameter was 3.53 ± 0.97 mm and the bifid MC diameter was 1.82 ± 0.70 mm. Distance of the bifid MC to the lingual wall was higher in the > 64 years group than in the 18-39 years group (p = 0.022). Distance of the bifid MC to the alveolar crest was lower in the > 64 years group compared to the 18-39 years group and 40-64 years group (p = 0.015). The main canal diameter was higher in the 40-64 years group than in the 18-39 years group (p = 0.012).
CONCLUSIONS: Bifid MC has a high prevalence, occurring in almost one in two patients. Dental and retromolar types, which are close to the teeth, are more common, and this increases the possibility of complications. CBCT is the most accurate imaging technique used to detect and define these variations.
摘要：
目的：下牙槽管的各种解剖变异增加了手术并发症的发生率；因此，这项研究旨在使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）评估土耳其亚群中双裂和三裂下颌管的频率和构型。
方法：在513例患者的CBCT（I-CAT3D成像系统）图像中的1014半下颌骨上评估了下牙槽管。检查了双裂和三裂下颌管（MC）的频率和构型。分析双歧MC构型与牙齿状况及年龄组的关系。测量副管到颊壁和舌壁以及肺泡c的距离。测量主管和副管的直径，并评估其与牙齿状况和年龄组的关系。
结果：在513例患者的266例（24.7％）和212例（41.3％）中发现了双歧杆菌MC。最常见的两裂MC类型是磨牙后管（87侧），其次是前管无汇合（41；4％）和牙管（34；3.4％）。10根牙道通向第一磨牙，第二磨牙的14颗，还有10颗第三磨牙.56侧磨牙后孔数为1，15面2个，4面3。无牙患者中无汇合的前管比无牙患者更常见，而牙管多见于牙颌患者。主管直径为3.53±0.97mm，双裂MC直径为1.82±0.70mm。>64岁组的双裂MC与舌壁的距离高于18-39岁组（p=0.022）。与18-39年组和40-64年组相比，>64年组的双裂MC到肺泡c的距离更低（p=0.015）。40-64年组的主要管径高于18-39年组（p=0.012）。
结论：双歧杆菌MC的患病率很高，几乎每两个患者中就有一个。牙齿和后磨牙类型，靠近牙齿，更常见，这增加了并发症的可能性。CBCT是用于检测和定义这些变化的最精确的成像技术。
方法：在513例患者的CBCT（I-CAT3D成像系统）图像中的1014半下颌骨上评估了下牙槽管。检查了双裂和三裂下颌管（MC）的频率和构型。分析双歧MC构型与牙齿状况及年龄组的关系。测量副管到颊壁和舌壁以及肺泡c的距离。测量主管和副管的直径，并评估其与牙齿状况和年龄组的关系。
结果：在513例患者的266例（24.7％）和212例（41.3％）中发现了双歧杆菌MC。最常见的两裂MC类型是磨牙后管（87侧），其次是前管无汇合（41；4％）和牙管（34；3.4％）。10根牙道通向第一磨牙，第二磨牙的14颗，还有10颗第三磨牙.56侧磨牙后孔数为1，15面2个，4面3。无牙患者中无汇合的前管比无牙患者更常见，而牙管多见于牙颌患者。主管直径为3.53±0.97mm，双裂MC直径为1.82±0.70mm。>64岁组的双裂MC与舌壁的距离高于18-39岁组（p=0.022）。与18-39年组和40-64年组相比，>64年组的双裂MC到肺泡c的距离更低（p=0.015）。40-64年组的主要管径高于18-39年组（p=0.012）。
结论：双歧杆菌MC的患病率很高，几乎每两个患者中就有一个。牙齿和后磨牙类型，靠近牙齿，更常见，这增加了并发症的可能性。CBCT是用于检测和定义这些变化的最精确的成像技术。
