Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Affect recall is key to psychological assessment and decision-making. However, self-concepts (self-beliefs) may bias retrospective affect reports such that they deviate from lived experiences. Does this experience-memory gap apply to solitude experiences? We hypothesized that individuals misremember how they feel overall and when in solitude, in line with self-concepts of introversion, self-determined/not-self-determined solitude motivations, and independent/interdependent self-construal. A pilot study comparing retrospective to daily affect reports captured over 2 weeks (N = 104 UK university students) provided preliminary evidence of introversion and not-self-determined solitude shaping affect recall.
METHODS: In the main pre-registered study, participants aged 18-49 in the UK (N = 160) and Hong Kong (N = 159) reported their momentary affective states and social situations 5 times per day over 7 days, then recalled how they felt over the week.
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals higher in self-determined solitude were more prone to retrospectively overestimate their high- and low-arousal positive affect in solitude and showed less overestimation/more underestimation of negative affect in solitude. Higher not-self-determined solitude was associated with overestimating loneliness, and higher interdependent self-construal with overestimating loneliness and energy levels, in solitude. Comparisons based on residence/ethnicity suggest culture influences solitude-seeking and affective memory. Implications for well-being and affect measurement are discussed.
METHODS: In the main pre-registered study, participants aged 18-49 in the UK (N = 160) and Hong Kong (N = 159) reported their momentary affective states and social situations 5 times per day over 7 days, then recalled how they felt over the week.
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals higher in self-determined solitude were more prone to retrospectively overestimate their high- and low-arousal positive affect in solitude and showed less overestimation/more underestimation of negative affect in solitude. Higher not-self-determined solitude was associated with overestimating loneliness, and higher interdependent self-construal with overestimating loneliness and energy levels, in solitude. Comparisons based on residence/ethnicity suggest culture influences solitude-seeking and affective memory. Implications for well-being and affect measurement are discussed.
摘要：
背景：情感回忆是心理评估和决策的关键。然而,自我概念（自我信念）可能会偏向回顾性影响报告，使其偏离生活经验。这种经验-记忆差距是否适用于孤独的经历？我们假设个人误解了他们的整体感受以及孤独的感觉，符合内向的自我概念，自我决定/非自我决定的孤独动机，和独立/相互依存的自我建构。一项试点研究将回顾性报告与2周内捕获的每日情感报告进行了比较（N=104名英国大学生），提供了内向和非自我决定的孤独塑造情感回忆的初步证据。
方法：在主要的预注册研究中，英国（N=160）和香港（N=159）的18-49岁参与者在7天内每天5次报告他们的瞬时情感状态和社交情况，然后回忆他们一周的感受。
结论：自我决定的孤独性较高的个体更容易回顾性地高估其在孤独中的高唤醒和低唤醒积极影响，并显示出较少的高估/更多的低估孤独中的消极影响。较高的非自我决定的孤独与高估孤独有关，以及更高的相互依赖的自我建构，高估了孤独和能量水平，在孤独中。基于居住/种族的比较表明，文化会影响寻求孤独和情感记忆。讨论了幸福感和影响测量的含义。
方法：在主要的预注册研究中，英国（N=160）和香港（N=159）的18-49岁参与者在7天内每天5次报告他们的瞬时情感状态和社交情况，然后回忆他们一周的感受。
结论：自我决定的孤独性较高的个体更容易回顾性地高估其在孤独中的高唤醒和低唤醒积极影响，并显示出较少的高估/更多的低估孤独中的消极影响。较高的非自我决定的孤独与高估孤独有关，以及更高的相互依赖的自我建构，高估了孤独和能量水平，在孤独中。基于居住/种族的比较表明，文化会影响寻求孤独和情感记忆。讨论了幸福感和影响测量的含义。
