PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Background Impostor phenomenon (IP) describes feelings of inadequacy often experienced by individuals struggling to internalize success despite evidence to the contrary. IP is common in medicine and can be experienced as a cycle following exposure to an achievement-focused task, leading to fear of being found out as an impostor. Prior research describes IP characteristics, yet few studies have identified factors that mitigate IP among medical residents. Objective To understand factors that moderate IP among internal medicine (IM) residents. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using one-on-one semistructured interviews with 28 IM residents at a single academic health center from May to June 2020. To ascertain the prevalence of IP, informants completed a 20-item Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) questionnaire. Using a constructivist thematic approach investigators independently coded transcripts to identify factors mitigating IP. Results Twenty-eight of 53 (53%) eligible residents participated in the study. Most informants were female (21 of 28, 75%) and in their second postgraduate year of training (12 of 28, 43%). The mean CIPS score was 63. When faced with an achievement-focused task, informants describe feelings of inadequacy, avoidance behaviors, distortion of feedback, and attribution beliefs. Internal factors found to moderate IP include (1) reframing attribution beliefs; (2) accepting feedback; and (3) acknowledging strengths. External factors include (1) mentors, coaches, and role models; (2) formal opportunities to share IP experiences; and (3) growth-oriented learning environments. Conclusions This qualitative study describes internal and external factors that potentially mitigate impostor feelings, thereby interrupting the cyclical nature of IP among IM residents.
摘要：
背景冒名顶替现象（IP）描述了尽管有相反的证据，但努力内化成功的个人经常经历的不足感。IP在医学中很常见，可以作为暴露于以成就为重点的任务之后的一个循环来体验，导致害怕被发现是冒名顶替者。先前的研究描述了IP特征，然而，很少有研究确定减轻医疗居民知识产权的因素。目的了解内科（IM）居民中度IP的影响因素。方法2020年5月至6月，我们在一个学术健康中心对28名IM居民进行了一对一半结构化访谈，进行了一项定性研究。为了确定知识产权的普遍性，举报人完成了20项Clance冒充现象量表（CIPS）问卷。使用建构主义的主题方法，研究人员独立编码转录本，以确定减轻IP的因素。结果53名合格居民中有28名（53％）参加了研究。大多数举报人是女性（28人中有21人，占75％），在第二个研究生培训中（28人中有12人，占43％）。meanCIPS得分为63。当面对以成就为中心的任务时，线人描述了不足的感觉，回避行为，反馈失真，和归因信念。发现缓和IP的内部因素包括（1）重新定义归因信念；（2）接受反馈；（3）承认优势。外部因素包括(1)导师，教练，和榜样；（2）分享知识产权经验的正式机会；（3）面向增长的学习环境。结论这项定性研究描述了可能减轻冒名顶替者感觉的内部和外部因素，从而中断了IM居民之间IP的周期性。
