PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Traditional observational studies exploring the association between air pollution and infections have been limited by small sample sizes and potential confounding factors. To address these limitations, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal relationships between particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10), nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxide and the risks of infections.
UNASSIGNED: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to air pollution were selected from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the UK Biobank. Publicly available summary data for infections were obtained from the FinnGen Biobank and the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis was used as the primary method for obtaining the Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates. Complementary analyses were performed using the weighted median method, MR-Egger method, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test.
UNASSIGNED: The fixed-effect IVW estimate showed that PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and Nitrogen oxides were suggestively associated with COVID-19 [for PM2.5: IVW (fe): OR 3.573(1.218,5.288), PIVW(fe) = 0.021; for PM2.5-10: IVW (fe): OR 2.940(1.385,6.239), PIVW(fe) = 0.005; for Nitrogen oxides, IVW (fe): OR 1.898(1.318,2.472), PIVW(fe) = 0.010]. PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, and Nitrogen oxides were suggestively associated with bacterial pneumonia [for PM2.5: IVW(fe): OR 1.720 (1.007, 2.937), PIVW(fe) = 0.047; for PM2.5-10: IVW(fe): OR 1.752 (1.111, 2.767), P IVW(fe) = 0.016; for PM10: IVW(fe): OR 2.097 (1.045, 4.208), PIVW(fe) = 0.037; for Nitrogen oxides, IVW(fe): OR 3.907 (1.209, 5.987), PIVW(fe) = 0.023]. Furthermore, Nitrogen dioxide was suggestively associated with the risk of acute upper respiratory infections, while all air pollution were not associated with intestinal infections.
UNASSIGNED: Our results support a role of related air pollution in the Corona Virus Disease 2019, bacterial pneumonia and acute upper respiratory infections. More work is need for policy formulation to reduce the air pollution and the emission of toxic and of harmful gas.
UNASSIGNED: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to air pollution were selected from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the UK Biobank. Publicly available summary data for infections were obtained from the FinnGen Biobank and the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis was used as the primary method for obtaining the Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates. Complementary analyses were performed using the weighted median method, MR-Egger method, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test.
UNASSIGNED: The fixed-effect IVW estimate showed that PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and Nitrogen oxides were suggestively associated with COVID-19 [for PM2.5: IVW (fe): OR 3.573(1.218,5.288), PIVW(fe) = 0.021; for PM2.5-10: IVW (fe): OR 2.940(1.385,6.239), PIVW(fe) = 0.005; for Nitrogen oxides, IVW (fe): OR 1.898(1.318,2.472), PIVW(fe) = 0.010]. PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, and Nitrogen oxides were suggestively associated with bacterial pneumonia [for PM2.5: IVW(fe): OR 1.720 (1.007, 2.937), PIVW(fe) = 0.047; for PM2.5-10: IVW(fe): OR 1.752 (1.111, 2.767), P IVW(fe) = 0.016; for PM10: IVW(fe): OR 2.097 (1.045, 4.208), PIVW(fe) = 0.037; for Nitrogen oxides, IVW(fe): OR 3.907 (1.209, 5.987), PIVW(fe) = 0.023]. Furthermore, Nitrogen dioxide was suggestively associated with the risk of acute upper respiratory infections, while all air pollution were not associated with intestinal infections.
UNASSIGNED: Our results support a role of related air pollution in the Corona Virus Disease 2019, bacterial pneumonia and acute upper respiratory infections. More work is need for policy formulation to reduce the air pollution and the emission of toxic and of harmful gas.
摘要：
■探索空气污染与感染之间关联的传统观察性研究受到小样本量和潜在混杂因素的限制。为了解决这些限制，我们应用孟德尔随机化（MR）来研究颗粒物（PM2.5，PM2.5-10和PM10）之间的潜在因果关系，二氧化氮,氮氧化物和感染的风险。
■从英国生物库的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）中选择与空气污染相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。公开提供的感染摘要数据来自FinnGen生物库和COVID-19宿主遗传学倡议。使用逆方差加权（IVW）荟萃分析作为获得孟德尔随机化（MR）估计值的主要方法。使用加权中位数方法进行补充分析，MR-Egger方法，和MRPleiotropnal残余和和异常值(MR-PRESSO)测试。
■固定效应IVW估计值显示，PM2.5，PM2.5-10和氮氧化物与COVID-19[对于PM2.5：IVW（fe）：OR3.573（1.218,5.288），PIVW（fe）=0.021；对于PM2.5-10：IVW（fe）：OR2.940（1.385,6.239），PIVW(fe)=0.005；对于氮氧化物，IVW（fe）：或1.898（1.318,2.472），PIVW(fe)=0.010]。PM2.5，PM2.5-10，PM10和氮氧化物与细菌性肺炎[对于PM2.5：IVW（fe）：OR1.720（1.007，2.937），PIVW（fe）=0.047；对于PM2.5-10：IVW（fe）：或1.752（1.111，2.767），PIVW（fe）=0.016；对于PM10：IVW（fe）：或2.097（1.045，4.208），PIVW(fe)=0.037；对于氮氧化物，IVW（fe）：OR3.907（1.209，5.987），PIVW(fe)=0.023]。此外，二氧化氮提示与急性上呼吸道感染的风险有关，而所有的空气污染都与肠道感染无关。
■我们的结果支持相关空气污染在2019年冠状病毒病，细菌性肺炎和急性上呼吸道感染中的作用。需要更多的工作来制定政策，以减少空气污染和有毒有害气体的排放。
■从英国生物库的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）中选择与空气污染相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。公开提供的感染摘要数据来自FinnGen生物库和COVID-19宿主遗传学倡议。使用逆方差加权（IVW）荟萃分析作为获得孟德尔随机化（MR）估计值的主要方法。使用加权中位数方法进行补充分析，MR-Egger方法，和MRPleiotropnal残余和和异常值(MR-PRESSO)测试。
■固定效应IVW估计值显示，PM2.5，PM2.5-10和氮氧化物与COVID-19[对于PM2.5：IVW（fe）：OR3.573（1.218,5.288），PIVW（fe）=0.021；对于PM2.5-10：IVW（fe）：OR2.940（1.385,6.239），PIVW(fe)=0.005；对于氮氧化物，IVW（fe）：或1.898（1.318,2.472），PIVW(fe)=0.010]。PM2.5，PM2.5-10，PM10和氮氧化物与细菌性肺炎[对于PM2.5：IVW（fe）：OR1.720（1.007，2.937），PIVW（fe）=0.047；对于PM2.5-10：IVW（fe）：或1.752（1.111，2.767），PIVW（fe）=0.016；对于PM10：IVW（fe）：或2.097（1.045，4.208），PIVW(fe)=0.037；对于氮氧化物，IVW（fe）：OR3.907（1.209，5.987），PIVW(fe)=0.023]。此外，二氧化氮提示与急性上呼吸道感染的风险有关，而所有的空气污染都与肠道感染无关。
■我们的结果支持相关空气污染在2019年冠状病毒病，细菌性肺炎和急性上呼吸道感染中的作用。需要更多的工作来制定政策，以减少空气污染和有毒有害气体的排放。
