PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The gut is an environment in which the immune system closely interacts with a vast number of foreign antigens, both inert such as food and alive, from the viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal microbiota. Within this environment, germinal centres, which are microanatomical structures where B cells affinity-mature, are chronically present and active.
METHODS: The functional mechanism by which gut-associated germinal centres contribute to gut homeostasis is not well understood. Additionally, the role of T cells in class switching to immunoglobulin A and the importance of B cell affinity maturation in homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we provide a brief overview of the dynamics of gut-associated germinal centres, T cell dependency in Immunoglobulin A class switching, and the current state of research regarding the role of B cell selection in germinal centres in the gut under steady-state conditions in gnotobiotic mouse models and complex microbiota, as well as in response to immunization and microbial colonization. Furthermore, we briefly link those processes to immune system maturation and relevant diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: B cell response at mucosal surfaces consists of a delicate interplay of many dynamic factors, including the microbiota and continuous B cell influx. The rapid turnover within gut-associated germinal centres and potential influences of an early-life window of immune system imprinting complicate B cell dynamics in the gut.
METHODS: The functional mechanism by which gut-associated germinal centres contribute to gut homeostasis is not well understood. Additionally, the role of T cells in class switching to immunoglobulin A and the importance of B cell affinity maturation in homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we provide a brief overview of the dynamics of gut-associated germinal centres, T cell dependency in Immunoglobulin A class switching, and the current state of research regarding the role of B cell selection in germinal centres in the gut under steady-state conditions in gnotobiotic mouse models and complex microbiota, as well as in response to immunization and microbial colonization. Furthermore, we briefly link those processes to immune system maturation and relevant diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: B cell response at mucosal surfaces consists of a delicate interplay of many dynamic factors, including the microbiota and continuous B cell influx. The rapid turnover within gut-associated germinal centres and potential influences of an early-life window of immune system imprinting complicate B cell dynamics in the gut.
摘要：
背景：肠道是免疫系统与大量外来抗原紧密相互作用的环境，既是惰性的，如食物，也是活的，从病毒中，细菌,真菌和原生动物微生物群。在这种环境下,生发中心,它们是B细胞亲和力成熟的显微解剖结构，长期存在和活跃。
方法：肠道相关生发中心促进肠道稳态的功能机制尚不清楚。此外,T细胞在向免疫球蛋白A的类别转换中的作用以及B细胞亲和力成熟在稳态中的重要性仍然难以捉摸。这里,我们简要概述了肠道相关生发中心的动态，免疫球蛋白A类转换中的T细胞依赖性，和目前的研究状态关于B细胞选择的作用在生发中心在肠道在稳态条件下的小鼠模型和复杂的微生物群，以及对免疫和微生物定植的反应。此外，我们简单地将这些过程与免疫系统成熟和相关疾病联系起来。
结论：粘膜表面的B细胞反应由许多动态因素的微妙相互作用组成，包括微生物群和持续的B细胞流入。肠道相关生发中心内的快速周转和免疫系统印记的早期生命窗口的潜在影响使肠道中的B细胞动力学复杂化。
方法：肠道相关生发中心促进肠道稳态的功能机制尚不清楚。此外,T细胞在向免疫球蛋白A的类别转换中的作用以及B细胞亲和力成熟在稳态中的重要性仍然难以捉摸。这里,我们简要概述了肠道相关生发中心的动态，免疫球蛋白A类转换中的T细胞依赖性，和目前的研究状态关于B细胞选择的作用在生发中心在肠道在稳态条件下的小鼠模型和复杂的微生物群，以及对免疫和微生物定植的反应。此外，我们简单地将这些过程与免疫系统成熟和相关疾病联系起来。
结论：粘膜表面的B细胞反应由许多动态因素的微妙相互作用组成，包括微生物群和持续的B细胞流入。肠道相关生发中心内的快速周转和免疫系统印记的早期生命窗口的潜在影响使肠道中的B细胞动力学复杂化。
