Abstract：
The distribution of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-Ac-DON) throughout the wheat processing chain were systemically evaluated by one-to-one corresponding studies of the whole processing chain. DON and its derivatives were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in wheat grains and corresponding wheat bran, wheat flour, and semi-finished and finished wheat flour-based products. This investigation showed that wheat grain processing to wheat flour significantly decreased the levels of DON by approximately 52.7%-68.2%. Wheat flour processing of wheat flour-based products decreased the DON concentration by approximately 7.0%-70.6%. Among the processing methods, biscuit making showed the largest reduction (70.6%). The co-occurrence frequency of DON with low levels of 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON was significantly greater in wheat grains and wheat bran than in wheat flour. For wheat flour-based products, only the distribution pattern of 3-Ac-DON was observable in processed wheat flour products prepared using grains heavily contaminated with DON. In China, to the best of our knowledge, the processing factors (PFs) of DON in wheat flour and wheat flour-based products were systematically evaluated for the first time. The average PF of DON was 0.35 for wheat flour and the average PFs were 0.37-0.84 for wheat flour-based products, with biscuits having the smallest PF (0.37), indicating DON significantly decreasing in biscuit making. Furthermore, dietary exposure assessment of DON indicated an acceptable overall health risk in Chinese consumers, with the highest exposure being observed in infants and young children. This study provides important references for classified management of DON limits in wheat and its various products in China.
摘要：
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）及其衍生物3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-Ac-DON）和15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15-Ac-DON）在整个小麦加工链中的分布通过一对一进行了系统评估整个加工链的相应研究。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS/MS）测定小麦籽粒和相应麦麸中的DON及其衍生物，小麦粉,以及以小麦粉为基础的半成品和成品。这项研究表明，将小麦谷物加工成小麦面粉可使DON的水平显着降低约52.7％-68.2％。以小麦粉为基础的产品的小麦粉加工使DON浓度降低了约7.0%-70.6%。在处理方法中，饼干产量下降幅度最大(70.6%)。小麦籽粒和麦麸中3-Ac-DON和15-Ac-DON含量较低的DON同时出现的频率明显高于小麦粉。对于以小麦粉为基础的产品，在使用严重污染DON的谷物制备的加工小麦粉产品中，只能观察到3-Ac-DON的分布模式。在中国,据我们所知,首次系统评价了小麦粉和小麦粉制品中DON的加工因素。小麦粉的DON平均PF为0.35，小麦粉产品的平均PF为0.37-0.84，饼干的PF最小(0.37)，表明DON在饼干制作中显著减少。此外，DON的饮食暴露评估表明，中国消费者的整体健康风险可接受，在婴儿和幼儿中观察到最高的暴露。本研究为我国小麦及其各类产品DON限量的分类管理提供了重要参考。
