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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the different pathways between predictor factors such as zygosity, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, breastfeeding and bottle feeding related to anterior open bite (AOB) in twins.
METHODS: The study was conducted in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin children aged 3-15 years. AOB, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, feeding type, duration of bottle use, and mouth opening status during sleep were recorded during oral examination. Partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and sobel tests were performed to assess the total and indirect effects among the variables on AOB.
RESULTS: A total of 404 children (29.2% MZ;70.8% DZ) participated in this study. The effect of zygosity on mouth breathing in the PLS-SEM model was statistically significant. Conversely, it was determined that mouth breathing effected that atypical swallowing (p = 0.001). Atypical swallowing triggered AOB (p = 0.001). The atypical swallowing has a mediation effect between AOB and mouth breathing (p = 0.020). Mouth breathing causes atypical swallowing and therefore indirectly increases the likelihood of AOB. While breastfeeding decreases AOB incidence (p = 0.023), bottle feeding increases AOB incidence (p = 0.046). The sobel tests show that the fully mediator variable feature of mouth breathing is statistically significant in the negative relation between zygosity and atypical swallowing.
CONCLUSIONS: The PLS-SEM model showed that mouth breathing triggers atypical swallowing and atypical swallowing triggers AOB. As a result of this chain of relationships, an indirect effect of zygosity on AOB was observed. According to sobel tests, zygosity has an indirect effect on atypical swallowing through mouth breathing, while mouth breathing has a positive indirect effect on AOB through atypical swallowing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the relationships between different factors and the presence of AOB. The findings of this study demonstrate in detail the relationships between AOB and zygosity, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, breastfeeding and bottle feeding. Brestfeeding has a reducing effect on the frequency of AOB. Among the nutritional forms, breastfeeding ensures the proper development of the stomatognathic system by working the oro-facial muscles.
METHODS: The study was conducted in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin children aged 3-15 years. AOB, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, feeding type, duration of bottle use, and mouth opening status during sleep were recorded during oral examination. Partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and sobel tests were performed to assess the total and indirect effects among the variables on AOB.
RESULTS: A total of 404 children (29.2% MZ;70.8% DZ) participated in this study. The effect of zygosity on mouth breathing in the PLS-SEM model was statistically significant. Conversely, it was determined that mouth breathing effected that atypical swallowing (p = 0.001). Atypical swallowing triggered AOB (p = 0.001). The atypical swallowing has a mediation effect between AOB and mouth breathing (p = 0.020). Mouth breathing causes atypical swallowing and therefore indirectly increases the likelihood of AOB. While breastfeeding decreases AOB incidence (p = 0.023), bottle feeding increases AOB incidence (p = 0.046). The sobel tests show that the fully mediator variable feature of mouth breathing is statistically significant in the negative relation between zygosity and atypical swallowing.
CONCLUSIONS: The PLS-SEM model showed that mouth breathing triggers atypical swallowing and atypical swallowing triggers AOB. As a result of this chain of relationships, an indirect effect of zygosity on AOB was observed. According to sobel tests, zygosity has an indirect effect on atypical swallowing through mouth breathing, while mouth breathing has a positive indirect effect on AOB through atypical swallowing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the relationships between different factors and the presence of AOB. The findings of this study demonstrate in detail the relationships between AOB and zygosity, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, breastfeeding and bottle feeding. Brestfeeding has a reducing effect on the frequency of AOB. Among the nutritional forms, breastfeeding ensures the proper development of the stomatognathic system by working the oro-facial muscles.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在评估预测因子之间的不同途径，如接合性，非典型吞咽，嘴巴呼吸,母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养相关的前开放咬伤（AOB）的双胞胎。
方法：这项研究是在3-15岁的单卵（MZ）和双卵（DZ）双胞胎儿童中进行的。AOB,非典型吞咽，嘴巴呼吸,喂养类型,瓶子使用的持续时间，在口腔检查期间记录睡眠期间的张口状态。进行了偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）和sobel检验，以评估变量之间对AOB的总体和间接影响。
结果：共有404名儿童（29.2%MZ；70.8%DZ）参加了这项研究。PLS-SEM模型中的接合度对口腔呼吸的影响具有统计学意义。相反，确定口呼吸影响非典型吞咽（p=0.001）。非典型吞咽触发AOB(p=0.001)。非典型吞咽在AOB和口腔呼吸之间具有中介作用（p=0.020）。口呼吸引起非典型吞咽,因此间接增加AOB的可能性。母乳喂养可降低AOB发生率（p=0.023），奶瓶喂养增加AOB发生率(p=0.046)。sobel测试表明，口腔呼吸的完全中介变量特征在接合性与非典型吞咽之间的负相关方面具有统计学意义。
结论：PLS-SEM模型显示，口腔呼吸触发非典型吞咽，非典型吞咽触发AOB。由于这一连串的关系，观察到接合性对AOB的间接影响。根据Sobel测试,合子对通过口呼吸的非典型吞咽有间接影响，而口腔呼吸通过非典型吞咽对AOB有积极的间接影响。
结论：本研究确定了不同因素与AOB存在之间的关系。这项研究的结果详细证明了AOB与接合性之间的关系，非典型吞咽，嘴巴呼吸,母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养。不进食对AOB的频率有降低的作用。在营养形式中，母乳喂养通过使口面部肌肉工作来确保口颌系统的正常发育。
方法：这项研究是在3-15岁的单卵（MZ）和双卵（DZ）双胞胎儿童中进行的。AOB,非典型吞咽，嘴巴呼吸,喂养类型,瓶子使用的持续时间，在口腔检查期间记录睡眠期间的张口状态。进行了偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）和sobel检验，以评估变量之间对AOB的总体和间接影响。
结果：共有404名儿童（29.2%MZ；70.8%DZ）参加了这项研究。PLS-SEM模型中的接合度对口腔呼吸的影响具有统计学意义。相反，确定口呼吸影响非典型吞咽（p=0.001）。非典型吞咽触发AOB(p=0.001)。非典型吞咽在AOB和口腔呼吸之间具有中介作用（p=0.020）。口呼吸引起非典型吞咽,因此间接增加AOB的可能性。母乳喂养可降低AOB发生率（p=0.023），奶瓶喂养增加AOB发生率(p=0.046)。sobel测试表明，口腔呼吸的完全中介变量特征在接合性与非典型吞咽之间的负相关方面具有统计学意义。
结论：PLS-SEM模型显示，口腔呼吸触发非典型吞咽，非典型吞咽触发AOB。由于这一连串的关系，观察到接合性对AOB的间接影响。根据Sobel测试,合子对通过口呼吸的非典型吞咽有间接影响，而口腔呼吸通过非典型吞咽对AOB有积极的间接影响。
结论：本研究确定了不同因素与AOB存在之间的关系。这项研究的结果详细证明了AOB与接合性之间的关系，非典型吞咽，嘴巴呼吸,母乳喂养和奶瓶喂养。不进食对AOB的频率有降低的作用。在营养形式中，母乳喂养通过使口面部肌肉工作来确保口颌系统的正常发育。
