PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
It is well established that high-protein diets (i.e. ~25-30% of energy intake from protein) provide benefits for achieving weight loss, and subsequent weight maintenance, in individuals with obesity, and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). These effects may be attributable to the superior satiating property of protein, at least in part, through stimulation of both gastrointestinal (GI) mechanisms by protein, involving GI hormone release and slowing of gastric emptying, as well as post-absorptive mechanisms facilitated by circulating amino acids. In contrast, there is evidence that the beneficial effects of greater protein intake on body weight and glycemia may only be sustained for 6-12 months. While both suboptimal dietary compliance and metabolic adaptation, as well as substantial limitations in the design of longer-term studies are all likely to contribute to this contradiction, the source of dietary protein (i.e. animal vs. plant) has received inappropriately little attention. This issue has been highlighted by outcomes of recent epidemiological studies indicating that long-term consumption of animal-based protein may have adverse effects in relation to the development of obesity and T2D, while plant-based protein showed either protective or neutral effects. This review examines information relating to the effects of dietary protein on appetite, energy intake and postprandial glycemia, and the relevant GI functions, as reported in acute, intermediate- and long-term studies in humans. We also evaluate knowledge relating to the relevance of the dietary protein source, specifically animal or plant, to the prevention, and management, of obesity and T2D.
摘要：
众所周知，高蛋白饮食（即从蛋白质中摄取的能量约25-30％）为实现减肥提供了好处，以及随后的重量维护，在肥胖个体中，改善2型糖尿病（T2D）的血糖控制。这些效果可能归因于蛋白质的优异饱腹特性，至少在某种程度上,通过蛋白质刺激胃肠道（GI）机制，涉及胃肠激素释放和胃排空减慢，以及循环氨基酸促进的吸收后机制。相比之下,有证据表明，更多蛋白质摄入对体重和血糖的有益影响可能仅持续6-12个月。虽然饮食依从性和代谢适应性都不理想，以及长期研究设计中的实质性限制都可能导致这一矛盾，膳食蛋白质的来源(即动物与植物)受到了不适当的关注。最近的流行病学研究表明，长期食用动物性蛋白质可能会对肥胖和T2D的发展产生不利影响。而植物蛋白则表现出保护或中性作用。这篇综述研究了与膳食蛋白质对食欲的影响有关的信息，能量摄入和餐后血糖，以及相关的GI函数，据报道，急性，在人类中的中期和长期研究。我们还评估了与膳食蛋白质来源相关的知识，特别是动物或植物，为了预防，和管理,肥胖和T2D。
