Abstract：
Accumulating evidence suggests that aggression and rule-breaking may have distinct origins. However, grouping these heterogeneous behaviors into a single dimension labelled Conduct Problems (CP) has become the norm rather than the exception. Yet, the neurobiological features that differentiate aggression and rule-breaking remain largely unexplored. Using a large sample of children and adolescents (n = 1360, 6-18 years old), we examined the common and specific brain activity between CP, aggression, and rule-breaking behaviors. Analyses were conducted using fMRI resting-state data from a 10-minute session to explore the correlations between low frequency fluctuations and both broad and fine-grained CP dimensions. The broad CP dimension was associated with deficits in the precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and tempo-parietal junction. However, only the superior temporal gyrus was shared between aggression and rule-breaking. Activity of the precentral gyrus was mainly associated with rule-breaking, and the temporo-parietal cortex with aggression. More importantly, voxel-wise analyses on fine-grained dimensions revealed additional specific effects that were initially obscured when using a broad CP dimension. Finally, we showed that the findings specific to aggression and rule-breaking may be related to distinct brain networks and mental functions, especially ventral attention/sensorimotor processes and default mode network/social cognitions, respectively. The current study highlights that aggression and rule-breaking may be related to distinct local and distributed neurobiological markers. Overall, using fine-grained dimensions may provide a clearer picture of the role of neurobiological correlates in CP and their invariance across measurement levels. We advocate for adopting a more thorough examination of the lumping/splitting effect across neuroimaging studies on CP.
摘要：
越来越多的证据表明，侵略和违反规则可能有不同的起源。然而,将这些异构行为分组为标记为行为问题（CP）的单个维度已成为常态，而不是例外。然而，区分攻击性和违反规则的神经生物学特征在很大程度上仍未被探索。使用大样本的儿童和青少年（n=1360，6-18岁），我们检查了CP之间的共同和特定的大脑活动，侵略,和违反规则的行为。使用10分钟会议的fMRI静息状态数据进行分析，以探索低频波动与广泛和细粒度CP维度之间的相关性。广泛的CP维度与中央前回的缺陷有关，颞上回,和节奏顶叶交界处。然而,只有上颞回在侵略和违反规则之间共享。中央前回的活动主要与违反规则有关，和侵袭性的颞顶叶皮层。更重要的是,对细粒度尺寸的逐体素分析揭示了使用宽CP尺寸时最初模糊的其他特定效果。最后,我们表明，针对侵略和违反规则的发现可能与不同的大脑网络和心理功能有关，尤其是腹侧注意力/感觉运动过程和默认模式网络/社会认知，分别。当前的研究强调，侵略和违反规则可能与不同的局部和分布式神经生物学标记有关。总的来说,使用细粒度维度可以更清晰地了解神经生物学相关因素在CP中的作用及其在测量水平之间的不变性.我们主张在CP的神经影像学研究中对团块/分裂效应进行更彻底的检查。
