Abstract：
BACKGROUND: As cyanide (CN-) is a significant hazard to the environment and human health, it is essential to monitor cyanide levels in water and food samples. Moreover, real-time visualization of CN-could provide an additional understanding of its critical physiological and toxicological roles in living cells. The fluorescence approach based on small organic probes is an effective way for the detection of CN-. In this approach, a triphenylamine-xhantane conjugate was applied to detect in many samples such as sewage water, soil, sprouted potato, apricot seed, and living cells.
RESULTS: We report a new ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe based on a triphenylamine-xhantane derivative for CN-sensing in many samples. The probe displays high selectivity for only CN- ions among a series of analytes. The addition of cyanide to the dicyanovinyl moiety of the probe disrupts π-conjugation followed by the interruption of internal charge transfer. Consequently, the emission peak of the probe shifts hypsochromically from 655 to 495 nm. There is a linear correlation between the emission intensity (I495) and cyanide level, with a detection limit of 0.036 μM. The probe has many advantages over many probes, such as NIR fluorescence, ratiometric response, low cytotoxicity (85.0 % cell viability up to 50.0 μM of the probe), good membrane permeability, fast response time (4.0 min), high selectivity, good photostability, and anti-interference capability.
CONCLUSIONS: Although various probes have been reported in the literature, the use of triphenylamine-xhantane unit as CN- probe has yet to be explored. The probe can detect trace levels of cyanide in many samples such as sewage water, soil, sprouted potatoes, and apricot seeds. Furthermore, it is successfully utilized for the ratiometric fluorescent bioimaging of cyanide in living cells.
RESULTS: We report a new ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe based on a triphenylamine-xhantane derivative for CN-sensing in many samples. The probe displays high selectivity for only CN- ions among a series of analytes. The addition of cyanide to the dicyanovinyl moiety of the probe disrupts π-conjugation followed by the interruption of internal charge transfer. Consequently, the emission peak of the probe shifts hypsochromically from 655 to 495 nm. There is a linear correlation between the emission intensity (I495) and cyanide level, with a detection limit of 0.036 μM. The probe has many advantages over many probes, such as NIR fluorescence, ratiometric response, low cytotoxicity (85.0 % cell viability up to 50.0 μM of the probe), good membrane permeability, fast response time (4.0 min), high selectivity, good photostability, and anti-interference capability.
CONCLUSIONS: Although various probes have been reported in the literature, the use of triphenylamine-xhantane unit as CN- probe has yet to be explored. The probe can detect trace levels of cyanide in many samples such as sewage water, soil, sprouted potatoes, and apricot seeds. Furthermore, it is successfully utilized for the ratiometric fluorescent bioimaging of cyanide in living cells.
摘要：
背景：由于氰化物（CN-）对环境和人类健康具有重大危害，监测水和食物样本中的氰化物含量至关重要。此外，CN-的实时可视化可以进一步了解其在活细胞中的关键生理和毒理学作用。基于小型有机探针的荧光法是检测CN-的有效方法。在这种方法中，一种三苯胺-xhantane缀合物用于检测许多样品，如污水，土壤,发芽的马铃薯,杏子,和活细胞。
结果：我们报告了一种基于三苯胺-xhantane衍生物的新型比率近红外荧光探针，用于许多样品中的CN传感。该探针仅对一系列分析物中的CN-离子显示出高选择性。向探针的二氰基乙烯基部分添加氰化物会破坏π-缀合，然后中断内部电荷转移。因此,探针的发射峰从655到495nm高色移动。发射强度(I495)与氰化物水平呈线性相关,检测限为0.036μM。与许多探头相比，该探头具有许多优点，如近红外荧光，比率响应，低细胞毒性（85.0％的细胞活力高达50.0μM的探针），良好的膜渗透性，快速响应时间（4.0分钟），高选择性,良好的光稳定性，和抗干扰能力。
结论：尽管文献中已经报道了各种探针，使用三苯胺-xhantane单元作为CN-探针还有待探索。该探针可以检测污水等许多样品中的痕量氰化物，土壤,发芽的土豆,和杏子。此外，它已成功用于活细胞中氰化物的比率荧光生物成像。
结果：我们报告了一种基于三苯胺-xhantane衍生物的新型比率近红外荧光探针，用于许多样品中的CN传感。该探针仅对一系列分析物中的CN-离子显示出高选择性。向探针的二氰基乙烯基部分添加氰化物会破坏π-缀合，然后中断内部电荷转移。因此,探针的发射峰从655到495nm高色移动。发射强度(I495)与氰化物水平呈线性相关,检测限为0.036μM。与许多探头相比，该探头具有许多优点，如近红外荧光，比率响应，低细胞毒性（85.0％的细胞活力高达50.0μM的探针），良好的膜渗透性，快速响应时间（4.0分钟），高选择性,良好的光稳定性，和抗干扰能力。
结论：尽管文献中已经报道了各种探针，使用三苯胺-xhantane单元作为CN-探针还有待探索。该探针可以检测污水等许多样品中的痕量氰化物，土壤,发芽的土豆,和杏子。此外，它已成功用于活细胞中氰化物的比率荧光生物成像。
