Abstract：
Bone is a connective tissue that is metabolically active and serves multiple functions, including movement, structural support, and organ protection. It is comprised primarily of three types of bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards osteoblasts is regulated by several growth factors, cytokines, and hormones via various signaling pathways, including TGF-β/BMP (transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein) signaling as a primary one. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long ncRNAs, play crucial roles in regulating osteoblast differentiation via the TGF-β/BMP signaling cascade. Dysregulation of these ncRNAs leads to bone-pathological conditions such as osteoporosis, skeletal dysplasia, and osteosclerosis. This review provides a concise overview of the latest advancements in understanding the involvement of ncRNAs/TGF-β/BMP axis in osteoblast differentiation. These findings have the potential to identify new molecular targets for early detection of bone metabolism disorders and the development of innovative therapy strategies.
摘要：
骨是一种代谢活跃的结缔组织，具有多种功能，包括运动，结构支撑,器官保护。它主要由三种类型的骨细胞组成，即成骨细胞，骨细胞,和破骨细胞。成骨细胞是骨形成细胞,间充质干细胞向成骨细胞的分化受多种生长因子的调控,细胞因子,和激素通过各种信号通路，包括TGF-β/BMP（转化生长因子-β/骨形态发生蛋白）信号作为主要信号。非编码RNA（ncRNAs），如microRNAs和longncRNAs，在通过TGF-β/BMP信号级联调节成骨细胞分化中起关键作用。这些ncRNAs的失调导致骨病理状况，如骨质疏松症，骨骼发育不良,和骨硬化。这篇综述简要概述了了解ncRNAs/TGF-β/BMP轴参与成骨细胞分化的最新进展。这些发现有可能为骨代谢紊乱的早期检测和创新治疗策略的开发确定新的分子靶标。
