Abstract：
Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV, respectively) remain a significant global health concern despite advancements in healthcare and vaccination programs. Regular monitoring and vaccine efficacy of HAV are still lacking in different countries. This study aimed to investigate HAV and HEV prevalence in developed, developing, and least-developed Asian countries using wastewater as a surveillance tool. A total of 232 untreated wastewater samples were collected from six wastewater treatment plants, a sewage treatment plant, or an open drainage in six countries [Nepal (n = 51), Indonesia (n = 37), Thailand (n = 30), Vietnam (n = 27), the Philippines (n = 17), and Japan (n = 70)] between April and October 2022. Viruses in wastewater were concentrated by simple centrifugation or polyethylene glycol precipitation method, followed by viral RNA extraction and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HAV and HEV RNA were detected in the samples from Nepal (51 % for HAV and 2 % for HEV), Thailand (3 % for both viruses), and Japan (1 % for HAV and 24 % for HEV). Only HAV RNA was found in 11 % of the samples in Indonesia, whereas only HEV RNA was detected in Vietnam and the Philippines, with a positive ratio of 15 % and 12 %, respectively. These results highlighted the geographic variability in HAV and HEV prevalence, underscoring the need for localized public health strategies to address specific viral hepatitis challenges in each country.
摘要：
甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎病毒（HAV和HEV，分别)尽管医疗保健和疫苗接种计划取得了进展，但仍然是一个重要的全球健康问题。不同国家仍缺乏对HAV的定期监测和疫苗效力。本研究旨在调查发达国家的HAV和HEV患病率，发展,以及使用废水作为监测工具的亚洲最不发达国家。共收集了六座污水处理厂232份未经处理的污水样本,污水处理厂，或六个国家的露天排水[尼泊尔(n=51)，印度尼西亚（n=37），泰国（n=30），越南（n=27），菲律宾（n=17）和日本(n=70)]2022年4月至10月。采用简单离心或聚乙二醇沉淀法浓缩废水中的病毒,然后进行病毒RNA提取和逆转录-定量聚合酶链反应。在来自尼泊尔的样品中检测到HAV和HEVRNA（HAV为51％，HEV为2％），泰国（两种病毒均为3％），和日本（HAV为1%，HEV为24%）。在印度尼西亚，只有11%的样本中发现了HAVRNA，越南和菲律宾只检测到HEVRNA，正比例为15%和12%，分别。这些结果强调了HAV和HEV患病率的地理变异性，强调需要制定本地化的公共卫生策略，以应对每个国家的特定病毒性肝炎挑战。
