Abstract：
A prospective, randomized, blinded experiment was conducted to compare the effects of intranasal (IN) dexmedetomidine (Dex, 10 µg/kg; n=12) alone or combined with midazolam (DexM, 0.3 mg/kg; n=12) or ketamine (DexK, 2 mg/kg; n=12) in healthy dogs. Ease of administration (EA1), total administration time (TAT), time for first (TA1) and second nostril administration (TA2), and adverse events during atomization were recorded. Two days later, EA2 was assessed by IN atomization of injectable water as an additional outcome variable. Onset of sedation was evaluated, along with behavioral scores and physiological parameters from T0 (baseline) to T120. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, repeated measures or Friedman\'s ANOVA, and Wilcoxon\'s tests. Significance was p≤0.05. Onset of sedation was 12.9 ± 4.1, 18.2 ± 7.5, and 9.9 ± 4.3 mins (mean ± SD) for Dex, DexM, and DexK, respectively. Onset was shorter in DexK compared to DexM (p=0.002), explaining the lower behavioral scores in DexM at T15. All dogs in Dex and DexK reached adequate sedation, with peak sedation occurring at T30, while some dogs in DexM never reached adequate sedation and this group peaked at T45. Adverse events such as saliva drooling and pawing at the nose were significantly higher in DexM and DexK, explaining their differences in TA2, TAT, and EA1 comparing to Dex. EA2 was also higher in Dex compared to DexM and DexK. In conclusion, Dex was better tolerated in dogs and DexK showed faster and more profound sedative effects. Due to paradoxical excitement, unpredictable sedation, and nasal irritation, DexM is not recommended.
摘要：
一个潜在的，随机化，进行盲法实验以比较鼻内（IN）右美托咪定（Dex，10µg/kg；n=12)单独或与咪达唑仑联合使用(DexM，0.3mg/kg；n=12）或氯胺酮（DexK，2mg/kg；n=12）健康犬。易于管理（EA1），总给药时间（TAT），第一次（TA1）和第二次鼻孔给药（TA2）的时间，记录雾化过程中的不良事件。两天后,通过注射水的IN雾化作为额外的结果变量来评估EA2。评估了镇静的开始，以及从T0（基线）到T120的行为评分和生理参数。统计分析包括卡方，单向方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis,重复测量或弗里德曼的方差分析，和Wilcoxon的测试.显著性为p≤0.05。Dex的镇静开始为12.9±4.1、18.2±7.5和9.9±4.3分钟（平均值±SD），DexM,还有Dexk,分别。与DexM相比，DexK的发病时间较短（p=0.002），解释T15时DexM的较低行为得分。Dex和DexK的所有狗都达到了足够的镇静，在T30出现峰值镇静，而DexM中的一些狗从未达到足够的镇静，该组在T45达到峰值。在DexM和DexK中，诸如唾液流口水和鼻子上的爪子等不良事件明显更高，解释他们在TA2、TAT、和EA1与Dex相比。与DexM和DexK相比,Dex中的EA2也更高。总之,Dex在狗中的耐受性更好，DexK显示出更快，更深刻的镇静作用。由于矛盾的兴奋，不可预测的镇静,和鼻腔刺激，不建议使用DexM。
