PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the mediating role of inflammation during childhood in associations between prenatal maternal stress and adolescent mental health. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal maternal stress, concentrations of immune markers at age 9, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression during adolescence.
METHODS: This study included 3723 mother-child pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Prenatal maternal stress was examined using 55 items measured during pregnancy. Inflammation was assessed using serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) when children were 9 years old. GAD and depression were assessed when children were 16 and 18 years of age, respectively. Analyses comprised of structural equation models.
RESULTS: Prenatal maternal stress was associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 in childhood, and with greater symptoms of depression and GAD in adolescence. However, we did not observe associations between prenatal maternal stress and CRP; also, CRP and IL-6 were not associated with depression and GAD. There was no evidence that CRP and IL-6 mediated the associations between prenatal maternal stress and either GAD or depression.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal maternal stress is associated with IL-6 levels in childhood, and with GAD and depression during adolescence. Future studies should examine immune activity at multiple points during development in relation to mental health into adulthood to determine whether inflammation at different points during development could increase risk for mental health problems among children whose mothers experienced significant stressors during pregnancy.
METHODS: This study included 3723 mother-child pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Prenatal maternal stress was examined using 55 items measured during pregnancy. Inflammation was assessed using serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) when children were 9 years old. GAD and depression were assessed when children were 16 and 18 years of age, respectively. Analyses comprised of structural equation models.
RESULTS: Prenatal maternal stress was associated with higher concentrations of IL-6 in childhood, and with greater symptoms of depression and GAD in adolescence. However, we did not observe associations between prenatal maternal stress and CRP; also, CRP and IL-6 were not associated with depression and GAD. There was no evidence that CRP and IL-6 mediated the associations between prenatal maternal stress and either GAD or depression.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal maternal stress is associated with IL-6 levels in childhood, and with GAD and depression during adolescence. Future studies should examine immune activity at multiple points during development in relation to mental health into adulthood to determine whether inflammation at different points during development could increase risk for mental health problems among children whose mothers experienced significant stressors during pregnancy.
摘要：
目的：很少有纵向研究调查儿童期炎症在产前产妇压力与青少年心理健康之间的中介作用。这项研究的目的是检查产前产妇压力之间的关系，9岁时的免疫标志物浓度以及青春期广泛性焦虑症（GAD）和抑郁症的症状。
方法：这项研究包括来自雅芳父母和子女纵向研究（ALSPAC）的3723对母子对。使用怀孕期间测量的55个项目检查了产前产妇的压力。使用9岁儿童的血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和C反应蛋白（CRP）的浓度评估炎症。当儿童16岁和18岁时，对GAD和抑郁症进行了评估，分别。由结构方程模型组成的分析。
结果：产前母体压力与儿童期IL-6浓度升高有关，在青春期有更大的抑郁症和GAD症状。然而,我们没有观察到产前产妇压力和CRP之间的关联；CRP和IL-6与抑郁症和GAD无关。没有证据表明CRP和IL-6介导了产前母体压力与GAD或抑郁症之间的关联。
结论：产前母体压力与儿童期IL-6水平相关，以及青春期的GAD和抑郁症。未来的研究应该检查发育过程中多个点的免疫活性与成年后的心理健康的关系，以确定发育过程中不同点的炎症是否会增加母亲在怀孕期间经历重大压力源的儿童的心理健康问题的风险。
方法：这项研究包括来自雅芳父母和子女纵向研究（ALSPAC）的3723对母子对。使用怀孕期间测量的55个项目检查了产前产妇的压力。使用9岁儿童的血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和C反应蛋白（CRP）的浓度评估炎症。当儿童16岁和18岁时，对GAD和抑郁症进行了评估，分别。由结构方程模型组成的分析。
结果：产前母体压力与儿童期IL-6浓度升高有关，在青春期有更大的抑郁症和GAD症状。然而,我们没有观察到产前产妇压力和CRP之间的关联；CRP和IL-6与抑郁症和GAD无关。没有证据表明CRP和IL-6介导了产前母体压力与GAD或抑郁症之间的关联。
结论：产前母体压力与儿童期IL-6水平相关，以及青春期的GAD和抑郁症。未来的研究应该检查发育过程中多个点的免疫活性与成年后的心理健康的关系，以确定发育过程中不同点的炎症是否会增加母亲在怀孕期间经历重大压力源的儿童的心理健康问题的风险。
