Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Pitchers frequently experience anterior shoulder pain, possibly associated with coracohumeral impingement; however, whether the coracohumeral distance (CHD) and/or subscapularis tendon adapt chronically (bilateral difference) due to pitching, and whether clinical measures are associated with CHD and subscapularis tendon organization have not been evaluated in professional pitchers.
UNASSIGNED: The authors hypothesized that dominant arm CHD would be smaller than the nondominant arm, dominant subscapularis tendon would have increased spatial frequency (ie, be more disorganized), and humeral retroversion (HR) would predict CHD and subscapularis tendon organization.
UNASSIGNED: Level 4.
UNASSIGNED: Healthy professional baseball pitchers were recruited during their preseason physical examination. Bilateral diagnostic ultrasound measured CHD, HR, and posterior capsule thickness (PCT), and quantified subscapularis tendon organization. External rotation, neutral, and crossbody CHD was measured.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 52 healthy professional baseball pitchers participated. The dominant arm of pitchers demonstrated a significantly narrower CHD in all 3 positions (P < 0.01), increased scapular protraction (163 vs 156 mm; P < 0.01), and increased spatial frequency of the subscapularis tendon (1.8 vs 1.6 peaks/mm; P < 0.01). HR was associated with CHD in 30° of external rotation (R2 = 0.12; P < 0.01), neutral rotation (R2 = 0.11; P < 0.01), and the crossbody position (R2 = 0.28; P < 0.01). PCT was associated with CHD in 30° of external rotation (R2 = 0.16; P = 0.05). HR and CHD in 30° of external rotation was associated most strongly with subscapularis tendon organization (R2 = 0.11; P = 0.03).
UNASSIGNED: The dominant shoulder of professional pitchers presents with a smaller CHD, more scapular protraction, and more subscapularis tendon disorganization than the nondominant shoulder.
UNASSIGNED: Professional pitchers demonstrate chronic CHD and subscapularis tendon adaptations, which may increase their risk for anterior shoulder pain and subscapularis tendon injury.
UNASSIGNED: The authors hypothesized that dominant arm CHD would be smaller than the nondominant arm, dominant subscapularis tendon would have increased spatial frequency (ie, be more disorganized), and humeral retroversion (HR) would predict CHD and subscapularis tendon organization.
UNASSIGNED: Level 4.
UNASSIGNED: Healthy professional baseball pitchers were recruited during their preseason physical examination. Bilateral diagnostic ultrasound measured CHD, HR, and posterior capsule thickness (PCT), and quantified subscapularis tendon organization. External rotation, neutral, and crossbody CHD was measured.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 52 healthy professional baseball pitchers participated. The dominant arm of pitchers demonstrated a significantly narrower CHD in all 3 positions (P < 0.01), increased scapular protraction (163 vs 156 mm; P < 0.01), and increased spatial frequency of the subscapularis tendon (1.8 vs 1.6 peaks/mm; P < 0.01). HR was associated with CHD in 30° of external rotation (R2 = 0.12; P < 0.01), neutral rotation (R2 = 0.11; P < 0.01), and the crossbody position (R2 = 0.28; P < 0.01). PCT was associated with CHD in 30° of external rotation (R2 = 0.16; P = 0.05). HR and CHD in 30° of external rotation was associated most strongly with subscapularis tendon organization (R2 = 0.11; P = 0.03).
UNASSIGNED: The dominant shoulder of professional pitchers presents with a smaller CHD, more scapular protraction, and more subscapularis tendon disorganization than the nondominant shoulder.
UNASSIGNED: Professional pitchers demonstrate chronic CHD and subscapularis tendon adaptations, which may increase their risk for anterior shoulder pain and subscapularis tendon injury.
摘要：
■投手经常经历肩前疼痛，可能与冠状动脉撞击有关；然而，由于俯仰，喙肱骨距离（CHD）和/或肩胛骨下肌腱是否长期适应（双侧差异），以及临床措施是否与CHD和肩胛骨下肌腱组织相关尚未在专业投手中进行评估。
■作者假设优势臂CHD比非优势臂小，优势肩胛骨下肌腱会增加空间频率(即，更加混乱)，肱骨逆行（HR）可以预测CHD和肩胛骨下肌腱组织。
■4级。
■健康的职业棒球投手在季前体检时被招募。双侧诊断超声测量冠心病，HR,和后囊厚度（PCT），并量化肩胛骨下肌腱组织。外部旋转,中性,并对CrossbodyCHD进行了测量。
■总的来说，52名健康的职业棒球投手参加了比赛。投手的优势臂在所有3个位置均显示出明显较窄的CHD（P<0.01），肩胛骨前移增加（163vs156mm；P<0.01），肩胛下肌腱空间频率增加（1.8vs1.6峰/mm；P<0.01）。外旋30°时HR与CHD相关(R2=0.12;P<0.01),中性旋转（R2=0.11；P<0.01），和交叉位置（R2=0.28；P<0.01）。PCT与外旋30°CHD相关(R2=0.16;P=0.05)。外旋30°的HR和CHD与肩胛骨下肌腱组织密切相关（R2=0.11；P=0.03）。
■职业投手的优势肩呈现出较小的CHD，更多的肩胛骨前移，肩胛骨下肌腱比非显性肩关节更多。
■专业投手展示慢性冠心病和肩胛骨下肌腱适应，这可能会增加肩前疼痛和肩胛骨下肌腱损伤的风险。
■作者假设优势臂CHD比非优势臂小，优势肩胛骨下肌腱会增加空间频率(即，更加混乱)，肱骨逆行（HR）可以预测CHD和肩胛骨下肌腱组织。
■4级。
■健康的职业棒球投手在季前体检时被招募。双侧诊断超声测量冠心病，HR,和后囊厚度（PCT），并量化肩胛骨下肌腱组织。外部旋转,中性,并对CrossbodyCHD进行了测量。
■总的来说，52名健康的职业棒球投手参加了比赛。投手的优势臂在所有3个位置均显示出明显较窄的CHD（P<0.01），肩胛骨前移增加（163vs156mm；P<0.01），肩胛下肌腱空间频率增加（1.8vs1.6峰/mm；P<0.01）。外旋30°时HR与CHD相关(R2=0.12;P<0.01),中性旋转（R2=0.11；P<0.01），和交叉位置（R2=0.28；P<0.01）。PCT与外旋30°CHD相关(R2=0.16;P=0.05)。外旋30°的HR和CHD与肩胛骨下肌腱组织密切相关（R2=0.11；P=0.03）。
■职业投手的优势肩呈现出较小的CHD，更多的肩胛骨前移，肩胛骨下肌腱比非显性肩关节更多。
■专业投手展示慢性冠心病和肩胛骨下肌腱适应，这可能会增加肩前疼痛和肩胛骨下肌腱损伤的风险。
