PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Research indicates that mechanics differ between athletes with and without upper extremity pain; however, it is unclear which modifiable risk factors exist for throwing-related pain in softball athletes.
UNASSIGNED: To determine whether sport specialization, throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning training volumes vary between youth softball athletes with and without upper extremity pain. It was hypothesized that youth softball athletes with upper extremity pain would participate in softball year-round and have greater throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning volumes compared with those without pain.
UNASSIGNED: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 232 youth softball athletes from travel ball, middle school, and high school leagues were invited to complete a survey to assess pain, sport specialization, throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning training volumes. Participants were classified into upper extremity pain and no pain groups based on their survey answers. The responses were compared between groups using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 101 athletes-with a mean ± SD age of 13.3 ± 2.3 years, height of 161 ± 13.4 cm, and weight of 59.8 ± 14.8 kg-completed the survey and were included for analysis. The response rate was 43.53%, with 22 athletes in the upper extremity pain group and 79 athletes in the no pain group. A significant difference was observed between hours devoted per week to off-season softball practice (U, 626.6; Z =-2; P = .045), where those without upper extremity pain spent 4 fewer median hours (6 hours) practicing softball per week in the off-season compared with those with pain (10 hours). Also, a significant difference was found between the number of throws during an in-season game (U, 457; Z, -2.28; P = .022), where those without upper extremity pain reported 21 fewer median throws (70 throws) during an in-season game compared with those with pain (91 throws). Furthermore, 77% of those who reported upper extremity pain continued to play despite their pain. There were no other significant differences between demographic characteristics, specialization, injury history, and primary position, as well as throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning volumes.
UNASSIGNED: Our study demonstrates that youth softball athletes with upper extremity pain had more throws during in-season games and increased hours per week devoted to off-season practice than athletes without upper extremity pain. Our findings support the need for softball stakeholders (eg, coaches, clinicians, parents, and administrators) to engage in further research and recommendations regarding in-season pitch counts and off-season rest.
UNASSIGNED: To determine whether sport specialization, throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning training volumes vary between youth softball athletes with and without upper extremity pain. It was hypothesized that youth softball athletes with upper extremity pain would participate in softball year-round and have greater throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning volumes compared with those without pain.
UNASSIGNED: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 232 youth softball athletes from travel ball, middle school, and high school leagues were invited to complete a survey to assess pain, sport specialization, throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning training volumes. Participants were classified into upper extremity pain and no pain groups based on their survey answers. The responses were compared between groups using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 101 athletes-with a mean ± SD age of 13.3 ± 2.3 years, height of 161 ± 13.4 cm, and weight of 59.8 ± 14.8 kg-completed the survey and were included for analysis. The response rate was 43.53%, with 22 athletes in the upper extremity pain group and 79 athletes in the no pain group. A significant difference was observed between hours devoted per week to off-season softball practice (U, 626.6; Z =-2; P = .045), where those without upper extremity pain spent 4 fewer median hours (6 hours) practicing softball per week in the off-season compared with those with pain (10 hours). Also, a significant difference was found between the number of throws during an in-season game (U, 457; Z, -2.28; P = .022), where those without upper extremity pain reported 21 fewer median throws (70 throws) during an in-season game compared with those with pain (91 throws). Furthermore, 77% of those who reported upper extremity pain continued to play despite their pain. There were no other significant differences between demographic characteristics, specialization, injury history, and primary position, as well as throwing, practice, and strength and conditioning volumes.
UNASSIGNED: Our study demonstrates that youth softball athletes with upper extremity pain had more throws during in-season games and increased hours per week devoted to off-season practice than athletes without upper extremity pain. Our findings support the need for softball stakeholders (eg, coaches, clinicians, parents, and administrators) to engage in further research and recommendations regarding in-season pitch counts and off-season rest.
摘要：
■研究表明，有上肢疼痛和没有上肢疼痛的运动员之间的力学不同；然而，目前尚不清楚垒球运动员投掷相关疼痛存在哪些可改变的危险因素.
■要确定体育是否专业化，投掷，实践,有和没有上肢疼痛的青少年垒球运动员的力量和条件训练量各不相同。据推测，患有上肢疼痛的青少年垒球运动员将全年参加垒球，并且投掷次数更大，实践,与没有疼痛的人相比，力量和调理量。
■横断面研究；证据水平，3.
■共有232名来自旅行球的青少年垒球运动员，中学,高中联盟被邀请完成一项评估疼痛的调查，体育专业化，投掷，实践,以及力量和条件训练量。根据他们的调查答案，将参与者分为上肢疼痛和无疼痛组。使用Mann-WhitneyU和卡方检验比较各组之间的反应。
■总共101名运动员-平均±SD年龄为13.3±2.3岁，高度161±13.4厘米，体重59.8±14.8kg-完成了调查，并纳入分析。有效率为43.53%,上肢疼痛组22名运动员，无痛组79名运动员。观察到每周用于淡季垒球练习的时间之间存在显着差异（U，626.6；Z=-2；P=.045），那些没有上肢疼痛的人在淡季中每周练习垒球的中位时间（6小时）比那些有疼痛的人（10小时）少4小时。此外，在赛季中的比赛中，罚球次数之间存在显着差异(U，457;Z,-2.28；P=.022），那些没有上肢疼痛的人在赛季中的比赛中报告比那些有疼痛的人（91次投掷）少21次（70次投掷）。此外，77％的报告上肢疼痛的人尽管疼痛仍继续比赛。人口统计学特征之间没有其他显著差异，专业化,损伤史,和主要位置，除了投掷，实践,力量和调理量。
我们的研究表明，与没有上肢疼痛的运动员相比，有上肢疼痛的青少年垒球运动员在赛季中的投掷次数更多，每周用于淡季练习的时间增加。我们的发现支持垒球利益相关者的需求(例如，教练，临床医生,父母,和管理员）进行有关季节内投球计数和淡季休息的进一步研究和建议。
■要确定体育是否专业化，投掷，实践,有和没有上肢疼痛的青少年垒球运动员的力量和条件训练量各不相同。据推测，患有上肢疼痛的青少年垒球运动员将全年参加垒球，并且投掷次数更大，实践,与没有疼痛的人相比，力量和调理量。
■横断面研究；证据水平，3.
■共有232名来自旅行球的青少年垒球运动员，中学,高中联盟被邀请完成一项评估疼痛的调查，体育专业化，投掷，实践,以及力量和条件训练量。根据他们的调查答案，将参与者分为上肢疼痛和无疼痛组。使用Mann-WhitneyU和卡方检验比较各组之间的反应。
■总共101名运动员-平均±SD年龄为13.3±2.3岁，高度161±13.4厘米，体重59.8±14.8kg-完成了调查，并纳入分析。有效率为43.53%,上肢疼痛组22名运动员，无痛组79名运动员。观察到每周用于淡季垒球练习的时间之间存在显着差异（U，626.6；Z=-2；P=.045），那些没有上肢疼痛的人在淡季中每周练习垒球的中位时间（6小时）比那些有疼痛的人（10小时）少4小时。此外，在赛季中的比赛中，罚球次数之间存在显着差异(U，457;Z,-2.28；P=.022），那些没有上肢疼痛的人在赛季中的比赛中报告比那些有疼痛的人（91次投掷）少21次（70次投掷）。此外，77％的报告上肢疼痛的人尽管疼痛仍继续比赛。人口统计学特征之间没有其他显著差异，专业化,损伤史,和主要位置，除了投掷，实践,力量和调理量。
我们的研究表明，与没有上肢疼痛的运动员相比，有上肢疼痛的青少年垒球运动员在赛季中的投掷次数更多，每周用于淡季练习的时间增加。我们的发现支持垒球利益相关者的需求(例如，教练，临床医生,父母,和管理员）进行有关季节内投球计数和淡季休息的进一步研究和建议。
