PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Special educational needs (SEN) provision is designed to help pupils with additional educational, behavioural or health needs; for example, pupils with cleft lip and/or palate may be offered SEN provision to improve their speech and language skills. Our aim is to contribute to the literature and assess the impact of SEN provision on health and educational outcomes for a well-defined population.
UNASSIGNED: We will use the ECHILD database, which links educational and health records across England. Our target population consists of children identified within ECHILD to have a specific congenital anomaly: isolated cleft lip and/or palate. We will apply a trial emulation framework to reduce biases in design and analysis of observational data to investigate the causal impact of SEN provision (including none) by the start of compulsory education (Year One - age five year on entry) on the number of unplanned hospital utilisation and school absences by the end of primary education (Year Six - age ten/eleven). We will use propensity score-based estimators (inverse probability weighting (IPW) and IPW regression adjustment IPW) to compare categories of SEN provision in terms of these outcomes and to triangulate results obtained using complementary estimation methods (Naïve estimator, multivariable regression, parametric g-formula, and if possible, instrumental variables), targeting a variety of causal contrasts (average treatment effect/in the treated/in the not treated) of SEN provision.
UNASSIGNED: This study will evaluate the impact of reasonable adjustments at the start of compulsory education on health and educational outcomes in the isolated cleft lip and palate population by triangulating complementary methods under a target-trial framework.
Children born with cleft lip and/or palate have been shown to have lower academic performance compared to the general population and have also been shown to have higher attendances to hospitals. To support children with such health and education needs, special educational needs provisions such as teaching assistants can be provided. The aim of this study is to understand whether children with cleft lip and/or palate were better off on average in receiving special education needs at the start of primary school in terms of hospital usage and school absences.
UNASSIGNED: We will use the ECHILD database, which links educational and health records across England. Our target population consists of children identified within ECHILD to have a specific congenital anomaly: isolated cleft lip and/or palate. We will apply a trial emulation framework to reduce biases in design and analysis of observational data to investigate the causal impact of SEN provision (including none) by the start of compulsory education (Year One - age five year on entry) on the number of unplanned hospital utilisation and school absences by the end of primary education (Year Six - age ten/eleven). We will use propensity score-based estimators (inverse probability weighting (IPW) and IPW regression adjustment IPW) to compare categories of SEN provision in terms of these outcomes and to triangulate results obtained using complementary estimation methods (Naïve estimator, multivariable regression, parametric g-formula, and if possible, instrumental variables), targeting a variety of causal contrasts (average treatment effect/in the treated/in the not treated) of SEN provision.
UNASSIGNED: This study will evaluate the impact of reasonable adjustments at the start of compulsory education on health and educational outcomes in the isolated cleft lip and palate population by triangulating complementary methods under a target-trial framework.
Children born with cleft lip and/or palate have been shown to have lower academic performance compared to the general population and have also been shown to have higher attendances to hospitals. To support children with such health and education needs, special educational needs provisions such as teaching assistants can be provided. The aim of this study is to understand whether children with cleft lip and/or palate were better off on average in receiving special education needs at the start of primary school in terms of hospital usage and school absences.
摘要：
■特殊教育需求（SEN）规定旨在帮助学生接受额外的教育，行为或健康需求；例如，唇裂和/或腭裂的学生可以提供SEN，以提高他们的言语和语言技能。我们的目标是为文献做出贡献，并评估SEN规定对明确定义的人口的健康和教育成果的影响。
■我们将使用ECHILD数据库，它将英格兰的教育和健康记录联系起来。我们的目标人群包括在ECHILD中确定为具有特定先天性异常的儿童：孤立的唇裂和/或腭裂。我们将应用试验仿真框架来减少观察数据的设计和分析中的偏见，以调查义务教育开始时（一年级-入学时的五岁）SEN规定（包括无）对计划外数量的因果影响到初等教育结束时的医院利用率和缺课（六年级-十岁/十一岁）。我们将使用基于倾向得分的估计器（逆概率加权（IPW）和IPW回归调整IPW）来比较SEN规定在这些结果方面的类别，并使用互补估计方法对获得的结果进行三角测量（Naive估计器，多元回归，参数g公式，如果可能的话,工具变量)，针对SEN规定的各种因果对比(平均治疗效果/治疗中/未治疗中)。
■本研究将通过目标试验框架下的三角补充方法，评估义务教育开始时的合理调整对孤立的唇腭裂人群健康和教育结果的影响。
与普通人群相比，唇裂和/或腭裂出生的儿童的学习成绩较低，并且医院就诊人数也较高。为了支持有这种健康和教育需求的儿童，可以提供特殊的教育需求规定，例如助教。这项研究的目的是了解唇裂和/或腭裂的儿童在小学开始时接受特殊教育的平均状况是否更好。
■我们将使用ECHILD数据库，它将英格兰的教育和健康记录联系起来。我们的目标人群包括在ECHILD中确定为具有特定先天性异常的儿童：孤立的唇裂和/或腭裂。我们将应用试验仿真框架来减少观察数据的设计和分析中的偏见，以调查义务教育开始时（一年级-入学时的五岁）SEN规定（包括无）对计划外数量的因果影响到初等教育结束时的医院利用率和缺课（六年级-十岁/十一岁）。我们将使用基于倾向得分的估计器（逆概率加权（IPW）和IPW回归调整IPW）来比较SEN规定在这些结果方面的类别，并使用互补估计方法对获得的结果进行三角测量（Naive估计器，多元回归，参数g公式，如果可能的话,工具变量)，针对SEN规定的各种因果对比(平均治疗效果/治疗中/未治疗中)。
■本研究将通过目标试验框架下的三角补充方法，评估义务教育开始时的合理调整对孤立的唇腭裂人群健康和教育结果的影响。
与普通人群相比，唇裂和/或腭裂出生的儿童的学习成绩较低，并且医院就诊人数也较高。为了支持有这种健康和教育需求的儿童，可以提供特殊的教育需求规定，例如助教。这项研究的目的是了解唇裂和/或腭裂的儿童在小学开始时接受特殊教育的平均状况是否更好。
