Abstract：
As nanoscale materials with the function of catalyzing substrates through enzymatic kinetics, nanozymes are regarded as potential alternatives to natural enzymes. Compared to protein-based enzymes, nanozymes exhibit attractive characteristics of low preparation cost, robust activity, flexible performance adjustment, and versatile functionalization. These advantages endow them with wide use from biochemical sensing and environmental remediation to medical theranostics. Especially in biomedical diagnosis, the feature of catalytic signal amplification provided by nanozymes makes them function as emerging labels for the detection of biomarkers and diseases, with rapid developments observed in recent years. To provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress made in this dynamic field, here an overview of biomedical diagnosis enabled by nanozymes is provided. This review first summarizes the synthesis of nanozyme materials and then discusses the main strategies applied to enhance their catalytic activity and specificity. Subsequently, representative utilization of nanozymes combined with biological elements in disease diagnosis is reviewed, including the detection of biomarkers related to metabolic, cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive diseases as well as cancers. Finally, some development trends in nanozyme-enabled biomedical diagnosis are highlighted, and corresponding challenges are also pointed out, aiming to inspire future efforts to further advance this promising field.
摘要：
作为具有通过酶动力学催化底物功能的纳米级材料，纳米酶被认为是天然酶的潜在替代品。与基于蛋白质的酶相比，纳米酶具有制备成本低的特点，强大的活动，灵活的性能调整，和多功能功能化。这些优点使它们具有从生化传感和环境修复到医疗疗法的广泛用途。特别是在生物医学诊断中，纳米酶提供的催化信号放大的特征使它们成为检测生物标志物和疾病的新兴标记，随着近年来的快速发展。为了全面概述在这一动态领域取得的最新进展，这里提供了由纳米酶实现的生物医学诊断的概述。本文首先概述了纳米酶材料的合成，然后讨论了提高其催化活性和特异性的主要策略。随后，综述了纳米酶与生物元件结合在疾病诊断中的代表性应用，包括检测与代谢相关的生物标志物，心血管,紧张,消化系统疾病和癌症。最后,强调了纳米酶辅助生物医学诊断的一些发展趋势，并指出了相应的挑战，旨在激发未来的努力，进一步推进这一充满希望的领域。
