Abstract：
BACKGROUND: South Asian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in the United States have been persistently overlooked in HIV research and programming. To address this limitation, this article describes their HIV-related knowledge, risk perception, and minority stressors, with a focus on identifying variations between American-born individuals and immigrants.
METHODS: Participants were recruited from April-July 2022 through social media advertising and peer referral and surveyed about their sociodemographic and HIV-related behavioral characteristics. Previously validated scales were used to assess their HIV-related knowledge, risk perception, disclosure of sexual identity, experienced homophobia, and perceived racism within the sexual and gender minority community. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests were conducted to compare those born in the United States and those born abroad.
RESULTS: Of the 112 participants, 26 (23.21%) were American-born individuals and 86 (76.79%) were immigrants. Despite similar levels of sexual risk behaviors, such as having multiple male sex partners, engaging in condomless anal sex, and using alcohol or drugs immediately before or during sex, immigrants had lower levels of HIV-related knowledge (p = .0480) and risk perception (p = .0114) compared to American-born individuals. Immigrants were also less likely to have disclosed their sexual identity to family, friends, and society compared to American-born individuals (p = .0004). No differences were identified with respect to experiences of homophobia (p = .2303) or perceptions of racism (p = .4011).
CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive HIV prevention efforts that address the social and cultural norms of South Asian GBM in the United States are needed.
METHODS: Participants were recruited from April-July 2022 through social media advertising and peer referral and surveyed about their sociodemographic and HIV-related behavioral characteristics. Previously validated scales were used to assess their HIV-related knowledge, risk perception, disclosure of sexual identity, experienced homophobia, and perceived racism within the sexual and gender minority community. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests were conducted to compare those born in the United States and those born abroad.
RESULTS: Of the 112 participants, 26 (23.21%) were American-born individuals and 86 (76.79%) were immigrants. Despite similar levels of sexual risk behaviors, such as having multiple male sex partners, engaging in condomless anal sex, and using alcohol or drugs immediately before or during sex, immigrants had lower levels of HIV-related knowledge (p = .0480) and risk perception (p = .0114) compared to American-born individuals. Immigrants were also less likely to have disclosed their sexual identity to family, friends, and society compared to American-born individuals (p = .0004). No differences were identified with respect to experiences of homophobia (p = .2303) or perceptions of racism (p = .4011).
CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive HIV prevention efforts that address the social and cultural norms of South Asian GBM in the United States are needed.
摘要：
背景：南亚同性恋，双性恋,和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（GBM）在美国一直被忽视的艾滋病毒研究和规划。为了解决这个限制，本文介绍了他们的艾滋病相关知识，风险感知，和少数族裔的压力，重点是确定美国出生的个人和移民之间的差异。
方法：从2022年4月至7月通过社交媒体广告和同伴转诊招募参与者，并对他们的社会人口统计学和HIV相关行为特征进行调查。先前验证的量表用于评估其与HIV相关的知识，风险感知，披露性身份，经历过同性恋恐惧症，以及在性和性别少数群体社区中感知到的种族主义。进行了Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon测试，以比较在美国出生的人和在国外出生的人。
结果：在112名参与者中，26人（23.21％）是美国出生的人，86人（76.79％）是移民。尽管性危险行为水平相似，比如有多个男性性伴侣，从事无公寓肛交，在性交之前或期间使用酒精或药物，与美国出生的人相比，移民的HIV相关知识水平较低（p=.0480）和风险感知水平较低（p=.0114）。移民也不太可能向家人透露自己的性身份，朋友,和社会与美国出生的个体相比(p=.0004)。在同性恋恐惧症的经历（p=.2303）或对种族主义的看法（p=.4011）方面没有发现差异。
结论：需要针对美国南亚GBM的社会和文化规范进行全面的HIV预防工作。
方法：从2022年4月至7月通过社交媒体广告和同伴转诊招募参与者，并对他们的社会人口统计学和HIV相关行为特征进行调查。先前验证的量表用于评估其与HIV相关的知识，风险感知，披露性身份，经历过同性恋恐惧症，以及在性和性别少数群体社区中感知到的种族主义。进行了Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon测试，以比较在美国出生的人和在国外出生的人。
结果：在112名参与者中，26人（23.21％）是美国出生的人，86人（76.79％）是移民。尽管性危险行为水平相似，比如有多个男性性伴侣，从事无公寓肛交，在性交之前或期间使用酒精或药物，与美国出生的人相比，移民的HIV相关知识水平较低（p=.0480）和风险感知水平较低（p=.0114）。移民也不太可能向家人透露自己的性身份，朋友,和社会与美国出生的个体相比(p=.0004)。在同性恋恐惧症的经历（p=.2303）或对种族主义的看法（p=.4011）方面没有发现差异。
结论：需要针对美国南亚GBM的社会和文化规范进行全面的HIV预防工作。
