PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Preventing pathogens from entering the broiler premises is the main biosecurity measure at farm level. In conventional broiler production, chickens are kept indoors during the entire production period. Pathogens can enter the broiler-producing unit from sources such as water, equipment, personnel, insects, and rodents. The possible routes must be controlled, and corrective measures applied when necessary. The objective of this study was to (1) develop a hygiene protocol and test the scheme on 30 farms, and (2) compare the results to their Campylobacter-colonised status. A Hygiene Performance Rating protocol at farm level (HPR-F) was developed to systematically review the production to identify risk areas to biosecurity. The HPR-F consists of 13 categories with related questions. For each question, a score was given from 1 to 3, where 1 meant \"acceptable\", 2 was \"potential for improvements\", and 3 was \"not acceptable\". Scores for each question were multiplied with weight factors for hygienic impact and economic consequences describing whether the necessary improvement depends on a significant investment or is a cheap quick-fix and calculated into a percentage where 100% is perfect hygiene. The 30 farms in the study were selected from one county in Norway. The Campylobacter-results for each of the 30 farms in 2019-2021 were given according to rules in the Norwegian Action Plan against Campylobacter faecal sampling on-farm 3-6 days prior to slaughter.
RESULTS: The overall results from the HPR-F showed that the general hygiene level was high in all farms. The mean total hygiene score was 82% and varied from 70 to 92%. The category Handling dead chicken had the highest hygiene score (93%), and Ventilation had the lowest score (55%). The HPR-F results were compared to the Campylobacter-status for the 30 farms: Campylobacter-negative flocks had slightly higher total scores than Campylobacter-positive flocks (P = 0.19). Among others, the category Outdoor area (vegetation close to the premises\' walls) was identified as the most stable factor in relation to be colonised with Campylobacter.
CONCLUSIONS: The HPR-F tested in this research trial provides a tool for veterinarians, advisors, and poultry farmers to improve biosecurity at farm level and enhance the preventive animal health initiatives.
RESULTS: The overall results from the HPR-F showed that the general hygiene level was high in all farms. The mean total hygiene score was 82% and varied from 70 to 92%. The category Handling dead chicken had the highest hygiene score (93%), and Ventilation had the lowest score (55%). The HPR-F results were compared to the Campylobacter-status for the 30 farms: Campylobacter-negative flocks had slightly higher total scores than Campylobacter-positive flocks (P = 0.19). Among others, the category Outdoor area (vegetation close to the premises\' walls) was identified as the most stable factor in relation to be colonised with Campylobacter.
CONCLUSIONS: The HPR-F tested in this research trial provides a tool for veterinarians, advisors, and poultry farmers to improve biosecurity at farm level and enhance the preventive animal health initiatives.
摘要：
背景：防止病原体进入肉鸡场所是农场一级的主要生物安全措施。在常规肉鸡生产中，在整个生产期间，鸡都放在室内。病原体可以从水源进入肉鸡生产单元，设备,人员,昆虫,和啮齿动物。必须控制可能的路线，并在必要时采取纠正措施。这项研究的目的是（1）制定卫生协议，并在30个农场测试该计划，和(2)将结果与它们的弯曲杆菌定植状态进行比较。制定了农场一级的卫生性能评级协议（HPR-F），以系统地审查生产，以确定生物安全的风险区域。HPR-F由13类相关问题组成。对于每个问题,得分从1到3，其中1表示“可接受”，2是“改进的潜力”，和3是\“不可接受\”。每个问题的分数乘以卫生影响和经济后果的权重因子，描述必要的改进是取决于重大投资还是廉价的快速解决方案，并计算为100％是完美卫生的百分比。研究中的30个农场选自挪威的一个县。2019-2021年30个农场中每个农场的弯曲杆菌结果是根据挪威行动计划中的规定在屠宰前3-6天在农场进行粪便弯曲杆菌采样。
结果：来自HPR-F的总体结果表明，所有农场的一般卫生水平都很高。平均总卫生评分为82％，从70％到92％不等。处理死鸡类别的卫生评分最高(93%)，通气得分最低（55%）。将HPR-F结果与30个农场的弯曲杆菌状态进行比较：弯曲杆菌阴性羊群的总分略高于弯曲杆菌阳性羊群（P=0.19）。其中,室外区域（靠近建筑物墙壁的植被）被确定为与弯曲杆菌定植有关的最稳定因素。
结论：本研究试验中测试的HPR-F为兽医提供了一种工具，顾问,和家禽养殖户，以改善农场一级的生物安全，并加强预防性动物卫生举措。
结果：来自HPR-F的总体结果表明，所有农场的一般卫生水平都很高。平均总卫生评分为82％，从70％到92％不等。处理死鸡类别的卫生评分最高(93%)，通气得分最低（55%）。将HPR-F结果与30个农场的弯曲杆菌状态进行比较：弯曲杆菌阴性羊群的总分略高于弯曲杆菌阳性羊群（P=0.19）。其中,室外区域（靠近建筑物墙壁的植被）被确定为与弯曲杆菌定植有关的最稳定因素。
结论：本研究试验中测试的HPR-F为兽医提供了一种工具，顾问,和家禽养殖户，以改善农场一级的生物安全，并加强预防性动物卫生举措。
