Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of inhaled salbutamol with salmeterol for the treatment of arterial hypoxaemia in anaesthetized horses.
METHODS: Prospective, randomized, clinical study.
METHODS: A total of 108 client-owned horses (American Society of Anesthesiologists status I-V) anaesthetized for elective and emergency procedures.
METHODS: Horses were premedicated with acepromazine [intramuscularly 0.1 mg kg-1 or intravenously (IV) 0.05 mg kg-1] and xylazine (0.6 mg kg-1 IV). Midazolam (0.06 mg kg-1 IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg-1 IV) were combined to induce anaesthesia, and isoflurane in oxygen/air mixture (inspired oxygen fraction 0.7) was used for maintenance of anaesthesia. Mechanical ventilation was initiated without delay using the following ventilator settings: tidal volume 10 mL kg-1, respiratory rate 8 breaths minute-1, inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio 1:2, no positive end-expiratory pressure. If arterial blood gas analysis revealed PaO2 < 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa), the administration of either inhaled salbutamol (2 μg kg-1) or salmeterol (0.5 μg kg-1) was randomly assigned Blood gas analysis was repeated 15 and 30 minutes after treatment. The intervention was considered successful when PaO2 after treatment ≥ 1.2 × PaO2 before treatment (i.e. ≥20% increase). PaO2 at 15 and 30 minutes was compared between groups using Mann-Whitney U test; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: Of the 108 horses, 60 were administered salbutamol, 65% and 60% responded successfully at 15 and 30 minutes, increasing their initial PaO2 by 38% and 44%, respectively. The other 48 horses were administered salmeterol, 35% responded successfully at 15 and 30 minutes, increasing their initial PaO2 by 3% and 4%, respectively. PaO2 was significantly higher after salbutamol than after salmeterol at 15 and 30 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS: Using the described protocol, inhaled salbutamol was more effective than salmeterol in improving PaO2 in anaesthetized horses with value < 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa).
METHODS: Prospective, randomized, clinical study.
METHODS: A total of 108 client-owned horses (American Society of Anesthesiologists status I-V) anaesthetized for elective and emergency procedures.
METHODS: Horses were premedicated with acepromazine [intramuscularly 0.1 mg kg-1 or intravenously (IV) 0.05 mg kg-1] and xylazine (0.6 mg kg-1 IV). Midazolam (0.06 mg kg-1 IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg-1 IV) were combined to induce anaesthesia, and isoflurane in oxygen/air mixture (inspired oxygen fraction 0.7) was used for maintenance of anaesthesia. Mechanical ventilation was initiated without delay using the following ventilator settings: tidal volume 10 mL kg-1, respiratory rate 8 breaths minute-1, inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio 1:2, no positive end-expiratory pressure. If arterial blood gas analysis revealed PaO2 < 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa), the administration of either inhaled salbutamol (2 μg kg-1) or salmeterol (0.5 μg kg-1) was randomly assigned Blood gas analysis was repeated 15 and 30 minutes after treatment. The intervention was considered successful when PaO2 after treatment ≥ 1.2 × PaO2 before treatment (i.e. ≥20% increase). PaO2 at 15 and 30 minutes was compared between groups using Mann-Whitney U test; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: Of the 108 horses, 60 were administered salbutamol, 65% and 60% responded successfully at 15 and 30 minutes, increasing their initial PaO2 by 38% and 44%, respectively. The other 48 horses were administered salmeterol, 35% responded successfully at 15 and 30 minutes, increasing their initial PaO2 by 3% and 4%, respectively. PaO2 was significantly higher after salbutamol than after salmeterol at 15 and 30 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS: Using the described protocol, inhaled salbutamol was more effective than salmeterol in improving PaO2 in anaesthetized horses with value < 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa).
摘要：
目的：比较吸入沙丁胺醇与沙美特罗治疗麻醉马动脉性低氧血症的疗效。
方法：前瞻性，随机化，临床研究。
方法：共有108匹客户拥有的马（美国麻醉医师协会I-V级）被麻醉以进行选择性和紧急手术。
方法：马预先给药了乙酰丙嗪[肌内0.1mgkg-1或静脉内（IV）0.05mgkg-1]和赛拉嗪（0.6mgkg-1IV）。咪达唑仑（0.06mgkg-1IV）和氯胺酮（2.2mgkg-1IV）联合诱导麻醉，氧气/空气混合物（吸入氧气分数0.7）中的异氟烷用于维持麻醉。使用以下呼吸机设置立即开始机械通气：潮气量10mLkg-1，呼吸频率8次呼吸分钟-1，吸气与呼气时间比1：2，无呼气末正压。如果动脉血气分析显示PaO2<100mmHg（13.3kPa），吸入沙丁胺醇(2μgkg-1)或沙美特罗(0.5μgkg-1)的给药被随机分配,治疗后15和30分钟重复血气分析.当治疗后的PaO2≥1.2×治疗前的PaO2（即≥20％的增加）时，认为干预是成功的。使用Mann-WhitneyU检验比较各组之间在15和30分钟时的PaO2;p<0.05被认为是显著的。
结果：在108匹马中，60人服用沙丁胺醇，65%和60%在15分钟和30分钟时成功响应，增加他们的初始PaO238%和44%，分别。其他48匹马服用了沙美特罗，35％的人在15分钟和30分钟时成功响应，增加他们的初始PaO23%和4%，分别。在15和30分钟时，沙丁胺醇后的PaO2明显高于沙美特罗后。
结论：使用所述方案，吸入沙丁胺醇比沙美特罗在改善值<100mmHg(13.3kPa)的麻醉马的PaO2方面更有效.
方法：前瞻性，随机化，临床研究。
方法：共有108匹客户拥有的马（美国麻醉医师协会I-V级）被麻醉以进行选择性和紧急手术。
方法：马预先给药了乙酰丙嗪[肌内0.1mgkg-1或静脉内（IV）0.05mgkg-1]和赛拉嗪（0.6mgkg-1IV）。咪达唑仑（0.06mgkg-1IV）和氯胺酮（2.2mgkg-1IV）联合诱导麻醉，氧气/空气混合物（吸入氧气分数0.7）中的异氟烷用于维持麻醉。使用以下呼吸机设置立即开始机械通气：潮气量10mLkg-1，呼吸频率8次呼吸分钟-1，吸气与呼气时间比1：2，无呼气末正压。如果动脉血气分析显示PaO2<100mmHg（13.3kPa），吸入沙丁胺醇(2μgkg-1)或沙美特罗(0.5μgkg-1)的给药被随机分配,治疗后15和30分钟重复血气分析.当治疗后的PaO2≥1.2×治疗前的PaO2（即≥20％的增加）时，认为干预是成功的。使用Mann-WhitneyU检验比较各组之间在15和30分钟时的PaO2;p<0.05被认为是显著的。
结果：在108匹马中，60人服用沙丁胺醇，65%和60%在15分钟和30分钟时成功响应，增加他们的初始PaO238%和44%，分别。其他48匹马服用了沙美特罗，35％的人在15分钟和30分钟时成功响应，增加他们的初始PaO23%和4%，分别。在15和30分钟时，沙丁胺醇后的PaO2明显高于沙美特罗后。
结论：使用所述方案，吸入沙丁胺醇比沙美特罗在改善值<100mmHg(13.3kPa)的麻醉马的PaO2方面更有效.
