Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To compare life expectancy levels and within-country geographic variation in life expectancy across six high-income Anglophone countries between 1990 and 2018.
METHODS: Demographic analysis using aggregated mortality data.
METHODS: Six high-income Anglophone countries (USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand), by sex, including an analysis of subnational geographic inequality in mortality within each country.
METHODS: Data come from the Human Mortality Database, the WHO Mortality Database and the vital statistics agencies of six high-income Anglophone countries.
METHODS: Life expectancy at birth and age 65; age and cause of death contributions to life expectancy differences between countries; index of dissimilarity for within-country geographic variation in mortality.
RESULTS: Among six high-income Anglophone countries, Australia is the clear best performer in life expectancy at birth, leading its peer countries by 1.26-3.95 years for women and by 0.97-4.88 years for men in 2018. While Australians experience lower mortality across the age range, most of their life expectancy advantage accrues between ages 45 and 84. Australia performs particularly well in terms of mortality from external causes (including drug- and alcohol-related deaths), screenable/treatable cancers, cardiovascular disease and influenza/pneumonia and other respiratory diseases compared with other countries. Considering life expectancy differences across geographic regions within each country, Australia tends to experience the lowest levels of inequality, while Ireland, New Zealand and the USA tend to experience the highest levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Australia has achieved the highest life expectancy among Anglophone countries and tends to rank well in international comparisons of life expectancy overall. It serves as a potential model for lower-performing countries to follow to reduce premature mortality and inequalities in life expectancy.
METHODS: Demographic analysis using aggregated mortality data.
METHODS: Six high-income Anglophone countries (USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand), by sex, including an analysis of subnational geographic inequality in mortality within each country.
METHODS: Data come from the Human Mortality Database, the WHO Mortality Database and the vital statistics agencies of six high-income Anglophone countries.
METHODS: Life expectancy at birth and age 65; age and cause of death contributions to life expectancy differences between countries; index of dissimilarity for within-country geographic variation in mortality.
RESULTS: Among six high-income Anglophone countries, Australia is the clear best performer in life expectancy at birth, leading its peer countries by 1.26-3.95 years for women and by 0.97-4.88 years for men in 2018. While Australians experience lower mortality across the age range, most of their life expectancy advantage accrues between ages 45 and 84. Australia performs particularly well in terms of mortality from external causes (including drug- and alcohol-related deaths), screenable/treatable cancers, cardiovascular disease and influenza/pneumonia and other respiratory diseases compared with other countries. Considering life expectancy differences across geographic regions within each country, Australia tends to experience the lowest levels of inequality, while Ireland, New Zealand and the USA tend to experience the highest levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Australia has achieved the highest life expectancy among Anglophone countries and tends to rank well in international comparisons of life expectancy overall. It serves as a potential model for lower-performing countries to follow to reduce premature mortality and inequalities in life expectancy.
摘要：
目标：比较1990年至2018年六个高收入英语国家的预期寿命水平和国内预期寿命的地理差异。
方法：使用汇总死亡率数据进行人口统计学分析。
方法：六个高收入英语国家（美国，英国,加拿大,澳大利亚,爱尔兰和新西兰)，按性别,包括对每个国家内死亡率的国家以下地理不平等的分析。
方法：数据来自人类死亡率数据库，世卫组织死亡率数据库和六个高收入英语国家的生命统计机构。
方法：出生时和65岁时的预期寿命；年龄和死亡原因对国家间预期寿命差异的影响；国家内部死亡率地理差异的差异指数。
结果：在六个高收入英语国家中，澳大利亚显然是出生时预期寿命表现最好的国家，2018年，女性领先其同行国家1.26-3.95岁，男性领先0.97-4.88岁。虽然澳大利亚人在整个年龄段的死亡率较低，他们的大部分预期寿命优势都在45岁到84岁之间。澳大利亚在外部原因（包括与毒品和酒精有关的死亡）的死亡率方面表现尤其出色，可筛选/可治疗的癌症，与其他国家相比，心血管疾病和流感/肺炎等呼吸系统疾病。考虑到每个国家不同地理区域的预期寿命差异，澳大利亚的不平等程度往往最低，而爱尔兰,新西兰和美国往往经历最高水平。
结论：澳大利亚在英语国家中获得了最高的预期寿命，并且在总体预期寿命的国际比较中排名较高。它是表现较低的国家减少过早死亡率和预期寿命不平等的潜在模式。
方法：使用汇总死亡率数据进行人口统计学分析。
方法：六个高收入英语国家（美国，英国,加拿大,澳大利亚,爱尔兰和新西兰)，按性别,包括对每个国家内死亡率的国家以下地理不平等的分析。
方法：数据来自人类死亡率数据库，世卫组织死亡率数据库和六个高收入英语国家的生命统计机构。
方法：出生时和65岁时的预期寿命；年龄和死亡原因对国家间预期寿命差异的影响；国家内部死亡率地理差异的差异指数。
结果：在六个高收入英语国家中，澳大利亚显然是出生时预期寿命表现最好的国家，2018年，女性领先其同行国家1.26-3.95岁，男性领先0.97-4.88岁。虽然澳大利亚人在整个年龄段的死亡率较低，他们的大部分预期寿命优势都在45岁到84岁之间。澳大利亚在外部原因（包括与毒品和酒精有关的死亡）的死亡率方面表现尤其出色，可筛选/可治疗的癌症，与其他国家相比，心血管疾病和流感/肺炎等呼吸系统疾病。考虑到每个国家不同地理区域的预期寿命差异，澳大利亚的不平等程度往往最低，而爱尔兰,新西兰和美国往往经历最高水平。
结论：澳大利亚在英语国家中获得了最高的预期寿命，并且在总体预期寿命的国际比较中排名较高。它是表现较低的国家减少过早死亡率和预期寿命不平等的潜在模式。
