Abstract：
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia, pathologically featuring abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, while sleep, divided into rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM), plays a key role in consolidating social and spatial memory. Emerging evidence has revealed that sleep disorders such as circadian disturbances and disruption of neuronal rhythm activity are considered as both candidate risks and consequence of AD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between sleep and AD. This review will firstly grasp basic knowledge of AD pathogenesis, then highlight macrostructural and microstructural alteration of sleep along with AD progression, explain the interaction between accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are two critical neuropathological processes of AD, as well as neuroinflammation and sleep, and finally introduce several methods of sleep enhancement as strategies to reduce AD-associated neuropathology. Although theories about the bidirectional relationship and relevant therapeutic methods in mice have been well developed in recent years, the knowledge in human is still limited. More studies on how to effectively ameliorate AD pathology in patients by sleep enhancement and what specific roles of sleep play in AD are needed.
摘要：
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆,病理上表现为淀粉样蛋白β（Aβ）和过度磷酸化tau的异常积累，睡觉时,分为快速眼动睡眠（REM）和非快速眼动睡眠（NREM），在巩固社会和空间记忆方面发挥着关键作用。新的证据表明，睡眠障碍，如昼夜节律紊乱和神经元节律活动中断被认为是AD的候选风险和后果。提示睡眠和AD之间的双向关系。本综述将首先掌握AD发病机制的基本知识,然后突出睡眠的宏观结构和微观结构变化以及AD进展，解释了Aβ积累与过度磷酸化tau之间的相互作用，这是AD的两个关键的神经病理学过程，以及神经炎症和睡眠，最后介绍了几种增强睡眠的方法作为减少AD相关神经病理学的策略。尽管近年来关于小鼠双向关系的理论和相关的治疗方法已经得到了很好的发展，人类的知识仍然有限。需要更多研究如何通过睡眠增强有效改善患者的AD病理以及睡眠在AD中起什么特定作用。
