Abstract：
The immune system is a major regulatory system of the body, that is composed of immune cells, immune organs, and related signaling factors. As an organism ages, observable age-related changes in the function of the immune system accumulate in a process described as \'immune aging. Research has shown that the impact of aging on immunity is detrimental, with various dysregulated responses that affect the function of immune cells at the cellular level. For example, increased aging has been shown to result in the abnormal chemotaxis of neutrophils and decreased phagocytosis of macrophages. Age-related diminished functionality of immune cell types has direct effects on host fitness, leading to poorer responses to vaccination, more inflammation and tissue damage, as well as autoimmune disorders and the inability to control infections. Similarly, age impacts the function of the immune system at the organ level, resulting in decreased hematopoietic function in the bone marrow, a gradual deficiency of catalase in the thymus, and thymic atrophy, resulting in reduced production of related immune cells such as B cells and T cells, further increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders in the elderly. As the immune function of the body weakens, aging cells and inflammatory factors cannot be cleared, resulting in a cycle of increased inflammation that accumulates over time. Cumulatively, the consequences of immune aging increase the likelihood of developing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer\'s disease, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis, among others. Therefore, targeting the age-related changes that occur within cells of the immune system might be an effective anti-aging strategy. In this article, we summarize the relevant literature on immune aging research, focusing on its impact on aging, in hopes of providing new directions for anti-aging research.
摘要：
免疫系统是人体的主要调节系统，由免疫细胞组成，免疫器官，和相关的信号因素。随着有机体年龄的增长，可观察到的与年龄相关的免疫系统功能变化在一个被描述为免疫衰老的过程中积累。研究表明，衰老对免疫力的影响是有害的，在细胞水平上影响免疫细胞功能的各种失调反应。例如,已显示衰老增加会导致嗜中性粒细胞的异常趋化性和巨噬细胞的吞噬作用降低。免疫细胞类型的年龄相关功能减弱对宿主适应性有直接影响，导致疫苗接种反应较差，更多的炎症和组织损伤，以及自身免疫性疾病和无法控制感染。同样，年龄影响免疫系统在器官水平的功能，导致骨髓造血功能下降，胸腺中过氧化氢酶逐渐缺乏，和胸腺萎缩,导致相关免疫细胞如B细胞和T细胞的产生减少，进一步增加老年人自身免疫性疾病的风险。随着身体的免疫功能减弱，衰老细胞和炎症因子不能被清除，导致随着时间的推移，炎症增加的循环。累计,免疫老化的后果增加了发展与年龄有关的疾病的可能性，如老年痴呆症,动脉粥样硬化,骨质疏松症，在其他人中。因此,靶向免疫系统细胞内发生的年龄相关变化可能是一种有效的抗衰老策略.在这篇文章中,我们总结了免疫衰老研究的相关文献，关注它对衰老的影响，以期为抗衰老研究提供新的方向。
