METHODS: Implant-supported single crowns and bridges were used to rehabilitate 162 implants in 57 patients. Patients were examined over a 2 to 20-year period on a recall schedule of 3 to 6 months. In addition to recording clinical parameters, intraoral radiographs were taken at baseline (immediately after superstructure insertion) and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Patients were differentiated into phenotype 1 with thin, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (n = 19), phenotype 2 with thick, flat gingiva and wide attached gingiva (n = 23), or phenotyp 3 with thick, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (n = 15).
RESULTS: The mean peri-implant crestal bone loss during the first 12 months was 1.3 ± 0.7 mm. Patients with gingival phenotype 1 had a significantly greater rate of increased crestal bone loss at implants (p = 0.016). No significant differences were present in subsequent years. The prevalence of mucositis at all implants was 27.2%, and the prevalence of peri-implantitis 9.3%. Univariate analyses indicated a significantly higher peri-implantitis risk in patients with gingival phenotype 2 (p-OR = 0.001; p-OR = 0.020). The implants of patients with phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depths (1st year p < 0.001; 3rd year p = 0.016; 10th year p = 0.027; 15th year p < 0.001). Patients with gingival phenotype 3 showed no significantly increased probing depths, signs of inflammation and crestal bone loss.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a gingival phenotype 1 have greater crestal bone loss at implants during the first year of functional loading. Patients with gingival phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depth at implants and risk of peri-implantitis.
方法:使用植入物支撑的单冠和桥修复57例患者的162个植入物。在3至6个月的召回计划中,对患者进行了2至20年的检查。除了记录临床参数,在基线时(上层结构插入后立即)以及1,3,5,10,15和20年时进行口内X线摄影.患者分化为表型1与瘦,扇形牙龈和狭窄附着牙龈(n=19),表型2厚,平坦的牙龈和宽附着的牙龈(n=23),或Phenotyp3厚,扇形牙龈和狭窄附着牙龈(n=15)。
结果:前12个月内种植体周围骨丢失的平均值为1.3±0.7mm。牙龈表型为1的患者在植入物处有明显更高的骨丢失率(p=0.016)。在随后的几年中没有出现显着差异。所有植入物的黏膜炎患病率为27.2%,种植体周围炎的患病率为9.3%。单变量分析表明,牙龈表型为2的患者种植体周围炎的风险显着增加(p-OR=0.001;p-OR=0.020)。表型为2的患者的植入物具有显著更大的探测深度(第1年p<0.001;第3年p=0.016;第10年p=0.027;第15年p<0.001)。牙龈表型为3的患者的探查深度没有显着增加,炎症和颌骨骨丢失的迹象。
结论:牙龈表型为1的患者在功能负荷的第一年内,种植体有更大的颌骨丢失。牙龈表型为2的患者在植入物处的探查深度和植入物周围炎的风险明显更大。