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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this long-term cohort study in periodontally compromised patients with implants was to analyze the correlation between gingival phenotype and peri-implant crestal bone loss, and between clinical measures and gingival phenotype.
METHODS: Implant-supported single crowns and bridges were used to rehabilitate 162 implants in 57 patients. Patients were examined over a 2 to 20-year period on a recall schedule of 3 to 6 months. In addition to recording clinical parameters, intraoral radiographs were taken at baseline (immediately after superstructure insertion) and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Patients were differentiated into phenotype 1 with thin, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (n = 19), phenotype 2 with thick, flat gingiva and wide attached gingiva (n = 23), or phenotyp 3 with thick, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (n = 15).
RESULTS: The mean peri-implant crestal bone loss during the first 12 months was 1.3 ± 0.7 mm. Patients with gingival phenotype 1 had a significantly greater rate of increased crestal bone loss at implants (p = 0.016). No significant differences were present in subsequent years. The prevalence of mucositis at all implants was 27.2%, and the prevalence of peri-implantitis 9.3%. Univariate analyses indicated a significantly higher peri-implantitis risk in patients with gingival phenotype 2 (p-OR = 0.001; p-OR = 0.020). The implants of patients with phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depths (1st year p < 0.001; 3rd year p = 0.016; 10th year p = 0.027; 15th year p < 0.001). Patients with gingival phenotype 3 showed no significantly increased probing depths, signs of inflammation and crestal bone loss.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a gingival phenotype 1 have greater crestal bone loss at implants during the first year of functional loading. Patients with gingival phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depth at implants and risk of peri-implantitis.
METHODS: Implant-supported single crowns and bridges were used to rehabilitate 162 implants in 57 patients. Patients were examined over a 2 to 20-year period on a recall schedule of 3 to 6 months. In addition to recording clinical parameters, intraoral radiographs were taken at baseline (immediately after superstructure insertion) and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Patients were differentiated into phenotype 1 with thin, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (n = 19), phenotype 2 with thick, flat gingiva and wide attached gingiva (n = 23), or phenotyp 3 with thick, scalloped gingiva and narrow attached gingiva (n = 15).
RESULTS: The mean peri-implant crestal bone loss during the first 12 months was 1.3 ± 0.7 mm. Patients with gingival phenotype 1 had a significantly greater rate of increased crestal bone loss at implants (p = 0.016). No significant differences were present in subsequent years. The prevalence of mucositis at all implants was 27.2%, and the prevalence of peri-implantitis 9.3%. Univariate analyses indicated a significantly higher peri-implantitis risk in patients with gingival phenotype 2 (p-OR = 0.001; p-OR = 0.020). The implants of patients with phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depths (1st year p < 0.001; 3rd year p = 0.016; 10th year p = 0.027; 15th year p < 0.001). Patients with gingival phenotype 3 showed no significantly increased probing depths, signs of inflammation and crestal bone loss.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a gingival phenotype 1 have greater crestal bone loss at implants during the first year of functional loading. Patients with gingival phenotype 2 had significantly greater probing depth at implants and risk of peri-implantitis.
摘要：
目的：这项在牙周受损的种植体患者中进行的长期队列研究的目的是分析牙龈表型与种植体周围骨丢失之间的相关性。临床措施和牙龈表型之间。
方法：使用植入物支撑的单冠和桥修复57例患者的162个植入物。在3至6个月的召回计划中，对患者进行了2至20年的检查。除了记录临床参数，在基线时(上层结构插入后立即)以及1,3,5,10,15和20年时进行口内X线摄影.患者分化为表型1与瘦，扇形牙龈和狭窄附着牙龈（n=19），表型2厚，平坦的牙龈和宽附着的牙龈（n=23），或Phenotyp3厚，扇形牙龈和狭窄附着牙龈（n=15）。
结果：前12个月内种植体周围骨丢失的平均值为1.3±0.7mm。牙龈表型为1的患者在植入物处有明显更高的骨丢失率（p=0.016）。在随后的几年中没有出现显着差异。所有植入物的黏膜炎患病率为27.2％，种植体周围炎的患病率为9.3%。单变量分析表明，牙龈表型为2的患者种植体周围炎的风险显着增加（p-OR=0.001；p-OR=0.020）。表型为2的患者的植入物具有显著更大的探测深度(第1年p<0.001;第3年p=0.016;第10年p=0.027;第15年p<0.001)。牙龈表型为3的患者的探查深度没有显着增加，炎症和颌骨骨丢失的迹象。
结论：牙龈表型为1的患者在功能负荷的第一年内，种植体有更大的颌骨丢失。牙龈表型为2的患者在植入物处的探查深度和植入物周围炎的风险明显更大。
方法：使用植入物支撑的单冠和桥修复57例患者的162个植入物。在3至6个月的召回计划中，对患者进行了2至20年的检查。除了记录临床参数，在基线时(上层结构插入后立即)以及1,3,5,10,15和20年时进行口内X线摄影.患者分化为表型1与瘦，扇形牙龈和狭窄附着牙龈（n=19），表型2厚，平坦的牙龈和宽附着的牙龈（n=23），或Phenotyp3厚，扇形牙龈和狭窄附着牙龈（n=15）。
结果：前12个月内种植体周围骨丢失的平均值为1.3±0.7mm。牙龈表型为1的患者在植入物处有明显更高的骨丢失率（p=0.016）。在随后的几年中没有出现显着差异。所有植入物的黏膜炎患病率为27.2％，种植体周围炎的患病率为9.3%。单变量分析表明，牙龈表型为2的患者种植体周围炎的风险显着增加（p-OR=0.001；p-OR=0.020）。表型为2的患者的植入物具有显著更大的探测深度(第1年p<0.001;第3年p=0.016;第10年p=0.027;第15年p<0.001)。牙龈表型为3的患者的探查深度没有显着增加，炎症和颌骨骨丢失的迹象。
结论：牙龈表型为1的患者在功能负荷的第一年内，种植体有更大的颌骨丢失。牙龈表型为2的患者在植入物处的探查深度和植入物周围炎的风险明显更大。
