Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: As the societal value of vaccines is increasingly recognized, there is a need to examine methodological approaches that could be used to integrate these various benefits in the economic evaluation of a vaccine.
UNASSIGNED: A literature review and two expert panel meetings explored methodologies to value herd immunity, health spillover effects (beyond herd immunity), impact on antimicrobial resistance, productivity, and equity implications of vaccines.
UNASSIGNED: The consideration of broader benefits of vaccines in economic evaluation is complicated and necessitates technical expertise. Whereas methodologies to account for herd immunity and work productivity are relatively well established, approaches to investigate equity implications are developing and less frequently applied. Modeling the potential impact on antimicrobial resistance not only depends on the multi-faceted causal relationship between vaccination and resistance but also on data availability.
UNASSIGNED: Different methods are available to value the broad impact of vaccines, and it is important that analysts are aware of their strengths and limitations and justify their choice of method. In the future, we expect that an increasing number of economic evaluations will consider the broader benefits of vaccines as part of their base-case analysis or in sensitivity analyses.
UNASSIGNED: A literature review and two expert panel meetings explored methodologies to value herd immunity, health spillover effects (beyond herd immunity), impact on antimicrobial resistance, productivity, and equity implications of vaccines.
UNASSIGNED: The consideration of broader benefits of vaccines in economic evaluation is complicated and necessitates technical expertise. Whereas methodologies to account for herd immunity and work productivity are relatively well established, approaches to investigate equity implications are developing and less frequently applied. Modeling the potential impact on antimicrobial resistance not only depends on the multi-faceted causal relationship between vaccination and resistance but also on data availability.
UNASSIGNED: Different methods are available to value the broad impact of vaccines, and it is important that analysts are aware of their strengths and limitations and justify their choice of method. In the future, we expect that an increasing number of economic evaluations will consider the broader benefits of vaccines as part of their base-case analysis or in sensitivity analyses.
摘要：
■随着疫苗的社会价值日益得到认可，有必要研究可用于将这些不同益处纳入疫苗经济评估的方法学方法.
■文献综述和两次专家小组会议探讨了评估群体免疫力的方法，健康溢出效应(超越群体免疫)，对抗菌素耐药性的影响，疫苗的生产率和公平性影响。
在经济评估中考虑疫苗的更广泛利益是复杂的，需要技术专长。考虑到群体免疫力和工作效率的方法相对成熟，调查公平影响的方法正在发展，应用频率较低。模拟对抗菌素耐药性的潜在影响不仅取决于疫苗接种和耐药性之间的多方面因果关系。还有数据可用性。
■可以使用不同的方法来评估疫苗的广泛影响，重要的是分析师要意识到其优势和局限性，并证明其选择方法的合理性。在未来,我们预计，越来越多的经济评估将考虑疫苗的更广泛的利益，作为其基础案例分析或敏感性分析的一部分。
■文献综述和两次专家小组会议探讨了评估群体免疫力的方法，健康溢出效应(超越群体免疫)，对抗菌素耐药性的影响，疫苗的生产率和公平性影响。
在经济评估中考虑疫苗的更广泛利益是复杂的，需要技术专长。考虑到群体免疫力和工作效率的方法相对成熟，调查公平影响的方法正在发展，应用频率较低。模拟对抗菌素耐药性的潜在影响不仅取决于疫苗接种和耐药性之间的多方面因果关系。还有数据可用性。
■可以使用不同的方法来评估疫苗的广泛影响，重要的是分析师要意识到其优势和局限性，并证明其选择方法的合理性。在未来,我们预计，越来越多的经济评估将考虑疫苗的更广泛的利益，作为其基础案例分析或敏感性分析的一部分。
