Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the use of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound combined with high-definition flow (HD-flow) render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in diagnosing and classifying fetal persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC).
METHODS: Overall, 114 cases of fetal PLSVC were diagnosed using 2D ultrasound combined with STIC, and 114 normal fetuses of the same gestational week were selected. These cases were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diagnostic approach.
RESULTS: All 114 PLSVC cases were diagnosed using 2D ultrasound combined with STIC. Although the diagnostic coincidence rate of PLSVC in the HD-flow combined with STIC was similar to that in the 2D ultrasound combined with HD-flow (96.8 vs 96.2%), 2D ultrasound with STIC enabled dynamic visualization of the PLSVC, furthering prenatal diagnosis. These cases were classified as type I PLSVC: 80 cases of type Ia, 29 cases of type Ib, and 5 cases of type Ic. Seventy isolated PLSVC cases (61.4%) were noted, whereas 44 cases (35.6%) were associated with concomitant structural abnormalities. Intracardiac structural malformations accounted for the highest proportion (n = 53, 58.89%), followed by single umbilical artery and facial/bodily abnormalities (n = 10, 11.11%).
CONCLUSIONS: Combining HD-flow and STIC complements 2D ultrasound in diagnosing and classifying fetal PLSVC, demonstrating significant clinical relevance.
METHODS: Overall, 114 cases of fetal PLSVC were diagnosed using 2D ultrasound combined with STIC, and 114 normal fetuses of the same gestational week were selected. These cases were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diagnostic approach.
RESULTS: All 114 PLSVC cases were diagnosed using 2D ultrasound combined with STIC. Although the diagnostic coincidence rate of PLSVC in the HD-flow combined with STIC was similar to that in the 2D ultrasound combined with HD-flow (96.8 vs 96.2%), 2D ultrasound with STIC enabled dynamic visualization of the PLSVC, furthering prenatal diagnosis. These cases were classified as type I PLSVC: 80 cases of type Ia, 29 cases of type Ib, and 5 cases of type Ic. Seventy isolated PLSVC cases (61.4%) were noted, whereas 44 cases (35.6%) were associated with concomitant structural abnormalities. Intracardiac structural malformations accounted for the highest proportion (n = 53, 58.89%), followed by single umbilical artery and facial/bodily abnormalities (n = 10, 11.11%).
CONCLUSIONS: Combining HD-flow and STIC complements 2D ultrasound in diagnosing and classifying fetal PLSVC, demonstrating significant clinical relevance.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在评估二维（2D）超声结合高清血流（HD-flow）渲染模式和时空图像相关性（STIC）在诊断和分类胎儿持续性左上腔静脉（PLSVC）中的应用。
方法：总的来说，应用二维超声联合STIC诊断胎儿PLSVC114例,选择114例相同孕周的正常胎儿。对这些病例进行回顾性分析，以评估诊断方法的有效性。
结果：所有114例PLSVC均采用二维超声联合STIC诊断。尽管PLSVC在HD流结合STIC中的诊断符合率与2D超声结合HD流的诊断符合率相似（96.8对96.2％）。具有STIC的2D超声使PLSVC能够动态可视化，进一步的产前诊断。这些病例分为I型PLSVC：Ia型80例，Ⅰb型29例,Ic型5例。发现70例孤立的PLSVC病例（61.4%），而44例(35.6%)伴有结构异常。心内结构畸形所占比例最高(n=53,58.89%),其次是单脐动脉和面部/身体异常（n=10，11.11％）。
结论：结合HD血流和STIC可以补充二维超声在胎儿PLSVC诊断和分类中的作用，证明了显著的临床相关性。
方法：总的来说，应用二维超声联合STIC诊断胎儿PLSVC114例,选择114例相同孕周的正常胎儿。对这些病例进行回顾性分析，以评估诊断方法的有效性。
结果：所有114例PLSVC均采用二维超声联合STIC诊断。尽管PLSVC在HD流结合STIC中的诊断符合率与2D超声结合HD流的诊断符合率相似（96.8对96.2％）。具有STIC的2D超声使PLSVC能够动态可视化，进一步的产前诊断。这些病例分为I型PLSVC：Ia型80例，Ⅰb型29例,Ic型5例。发现70例孤立的PLSVC病例（61.4%），而44例(35.6%)伴有结构异常。心内结构畸形所占比例最高(n=53,58.89%),其次是单脐动脉和面部/身体异常（n=10，11.11％）。
结论：结合HD血流和STIC可以补充二维超声在胎儿PLSVC诊断和分类中的作用，证明了显著的临床相关性。
