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Abstract：
This paper reports on two flash-mode experiments that test redundant descriptions of small (2-4) cardinalities, borderline (5-8) cardinalities, and color in referential communication. It provides further support for the idea that small cardinalities are more salient (due to subitizing), less sensitive to visual context, and therefore give rise to higher over-specification rates than color. Because of greater salience, Russian speakers more often use prenominal positions for numerals than for color adjectives. The paper also investigates borderline cardinalities and argues for the order factor that affects their salience, since ordered items can be perceived in small subitized parts. The ordered mode of presentation of the borderline cardinalities leads to higher over-specification rates and to higher percentages of prenominal positions than the unordered one. The paper provides further evidence for the consistency of small, borderline cardinalities, and color in people\'s choices to minimally specify or over-specify given objects in referential communication.
摘要：
本文报告了两个闪存模式实验，这些实验测试了小(2-4)基数的冗余描述，边界线(5-8)基数，和颜色在参考交流中。它为小基数更突出的想法提供了进一步的支持(由于subitizing)，对视觉环境不太敏感，因此产生比颜色更高的超规格率。因为更大的显著性，与颜色形容词相比，俄语使用者更经常使用数字的前名词位置。本文还研究了边界基数，并论证了影响其显著性的顺序因素，因为订购的物品可以在小部分被感知。边界基数的有序表示模式导致比无序基数更高的超规范率和更高的标称位置百分比。本文为小的一致性提供了进一步的证据，边界基数，和颜色的人的选择，以最低限度地指定或过度指定在参照通信给定的对象。
