PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Culicoides midges have been well-studied in Spain, particularly over the last 20 years, mainly because of their role as vectors of arboviral diseases that affect livestock. Most studies on Culicoides are conducted using suction light traps in farmed environments, but studies employing alternative trapping techniques or focusing on natural habitats are scarce.
METHODS: In the present study, we analyze Culicoides captured in 2023 at 476 sites in western Andalusia (southern Spain) using carbon dioxide-baited Biogents (BG)-sentinel traps across different ecosystems.
RESULTS: We collected 3,084 Culicoides midges (3060 females and 24 males) belonging to 23 species, including the new species Culicoides grandifovea sp. nov. and the first record of Culicoides pseudolangeroni for Europe. Both species were described with morphological and molecular methods and detailed data on spatial distribution was also recorded. The new species showed close phylogenetic relations with sequences from an unidentified Culicoides from Morocco (92.6% similarity) and with Culicoides kurensis. Culicoides imicola was the most abundant species (17.4%), followed by Culicoides grandifovea sp. nov. (14.6%) and Culicoides kurensis (11.9%). Interestingly, Culicoides montanus was the only species of the obsoletus and pulicaris species complexes captured, representing the first record of this species in southern Spain. A total of 53 valid Culicoides species have been reported in the area, with 48 already reported in literature records and 5 more added in the present study. Information on the flight period for the most common Culicoides species is also provided.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the most comprehensive effort ever done on nonfarmland habitats using carbon-dioxide baited suction traps for collecting Culicoides. Our data suggests that using carbon dioxide traps offers a completely different perspective on Culicoides communities compared with routinely used light traps, including the discovery of previously unrecorded species.
METHODS: In the present study, we analyze Culicoides captured in 2023 at 476 sites in western Andalusia (southern Spain) using carbon dioxide-baited Biogents (BG)-sentinel traps across different ecosystems.
RESULTS: We collected 3,084 Culicoides midges (3060 females and 24 males) belonging to 23 species, including the new species Culicoides grandifovea sp. nov. and the first record of Culicoides pseudolangeroni for Europe. Both species were described with morphological and molecular methods and detailed data on spatial distribution was also recorded. The new species showed close phylogenetic relations with sequences from an unidentified Culicoides from Morocco (92.6% similarity) and with Culicoides kurensis. Culicoides imicola was the most abundant species (17.4%), followed by Culicoides grandifovea sp. nov. (14.6%) and Culicoides kurensis (11.9%). Interestingly, Culicoides montanus was the only species of the obsoletus and pulicaris species complexes captured, representing the first record of this species in southern Spain. A total of 53 valid Culicoides species have been reported in the area, with 48 already reported in literature records and 5 more added in the present study. Information on the flight period for the most common Culicoides species is also provided.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the most comprehensive effort ever done on nonfarmland habitats using carbon-dioxide baited suction traps for collecting Culicoides. Our data suggests that using carbon dioxide traps offers a completely different perspective on Culicoides communities compared with routinely used light traps, including the discovery of previously unrecorded species.
摘要：
背景：Culicoidesmides在西班牙得到了很好的研究，特别是在过去的20年里，主要是因为它们作为影响牲畜的虫媒病毒病的载体。大多数关于Culicoides的研究都是在养殖环境中使用吸力光阱进行的，但是采用替代诱捕技术或关注自然栖息地的研究很少。
方法：在本研究中，我们分析了2023年在安达卢西亚西部（西班牙南部）的476个地点捕获的Culicoides，使用不同生态系统中的二氧化碳诱饵生物（BG）-哨兵陷阱。
结果：我们收集了属于23种的3,084只Culicoidesmides（3060只雌性和24只雄性），包括新物种Culicoidesgrandifoveasp.11月。也是欧洲古利科德的第一个记录。用形态学和分子方法描述了这两个物种，并记录了有关空间分布的详细数据。新物种与来自摩洛哥的身份不明的Culicoides序列（相似性为92.6％）和Culicoideskurensis显示出密切的系统发育关系。Culicoidesimicola是最丰富的物种（17.4％），其次是Culicoidesgrandifoveasp。11月。（14.6%）和库利科德（11.9%）。有趣的是,Culicoidesmontanus是捕获的过时和pulicaris物种复合体的唯一物种，代表该物种在西班牙南部的第一个记录。该地区总共报告了53种有效的库利科伊德物种，文献记录中已经报道了48例，本研究中增加了5例。还提供了有关最常见的Culicoides物种飞行时间的信息。
结论：据我们所知，我们的研究代表了在非农田栖息地上使用二氧化碳诱饵收集Culicoides的最全面的努力。我们的数据表明，与常规使用的光陷阱相比，使用二氧化碳陷阱对Culicoides社区提供了完全不同的视角，包括以前未记录的物种的发现。
方法：在本研究中，我们分析了2023年在安达卢西亚西部（西班牙南部）的476个地点捕获的Culicoides，使用不同生态系统中的二氧化碳诱饵生物（BG）-哨兵陷阱。
结果：我们收集了属于23种的3,084只Culicoidesmides（3060只雌性和24只雄性），包括新物种Culicoidesgrandifoveasp.11月。也是欧洲古利科德的第一个记录。用形态学和分子方法描述了这两个物种，并记录了有关空间分布的详细数据。新物种与来自摩洛哥的身份不明的Culicoides序列（相似性为92.6％）和Culicoideskurensis显示出密切的系统发育关系。Culicoidesimicola是最丰富的物种（17.4％），其次是Culicoidesgrandifoveasp。11月。（14.6%）和库利科德（11.9%）。有趣的是,Culicoidesmontanus是捕获的过时和pulicaris物种复合体的唯一物种，代表该物种在西班牙南部的第一个记录。该地区总共报告了53种有效的库利科伊德物种，文献记录中已经报道了48例，本研究中增加了5例。还提供了有关最常见的Culicoides物种飞行时间的信息。
结论：据我们所知，我们的研究代表了在非农田栖息地上使用二氧化碳诱饵收集Culicoides的最全面的努力。我们的数据表明，与常规使用的光陷阱相比，使用二氧化碳陷阱对Culicoides社区提供了完全不同的视角，包括以前未记录的物种的发现。
