PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Catastrophic health expenditures condensed the vital concern of households struggling with notable financial burdens emanating from elevated out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures. In this regard, this study investigated the nature and magnitude of inpatient healthcare expenditure in India. It also explored the incidence and determinants of inpatient catastrophic health expenditure.
METHODS: The study used the micro-level data collected in the 75th Round of the National Sample Survey on 93 925 households in India. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the nature, magnitude and incidence of inpatient healthcare expenditure. The heteroscedastic probit model was applied to explore the determinants of inpatient catastrophic healthcare expenditure.
RESULTS: The major part of inpatient healthcare expenditure was composed of bed charges and expenditure on medicines. Moreover, results suggested that Indian households spent 11% of their monthly consumption expenditure on inpatient healthcare and 28% of households were grappling with the complexity of financial burden due to elevated inpatient healthcare. Further, the study explored that bigger households and households having no latrine facilities and no proper waste disposal plans were more vulnerable to facing financial burdens in inpatient healthcare activity. Finally, the result of this study also ensure that households having toilets and safe drinking water facilities reduce the chance of facing catastrophic inpatient health expenditures.
CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of monthly consumption expenditure was spent on inpatient healthcare of households in India. It was also conveyed that inpatient healthcare expenditure was a severe burden for almost one fourth of households in India. Finally, it also clarified the influence of socio-economic conditions and sanitation status of households as having a strong bearing on their inpatient healthcare.
METHODS: The study used the micro-level data collected in the 75th Round of the National Sample Survey on 93 925 households in India. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the nature, magnitude and incidence of inpatient healthcare expenditure. The heteroscedastic probit model was applied to explore the determinants of inpatient catastrophic healthcare expenditure.
RESULTS: The major part of inpatient healthcare expenditure was composed of bed charges and expenditure on medicines. Moreover, results suggested that Indian households spent 11% of their monthly consumption expenditure on inpatient healthcare and 28% of households were grappling with the complexity of financial burden due to elevated inpatient healthcare. Further, the study explored that bigger households and households having no latrine facilities and no proper waste disposal plans were more vulnerable to facing financial burdens in inpatient healthcare activity. Finally, the result of this study also ensure that households having toilets and safe drinking water facilities reduce the chance of facing catastrophic inpatient health expenditures.
CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of monthly consumption expenditure was spent on inpatient healthcare of households in India. It was also conveyed that inpatient healthcare expenditure was a severe burden for almost one fourth of households in India. Finally, it also clarified the influence of socio-economic conditions and sanitation status of households as having a strong bearing on their inpatient healthcare.
摘要：
背景：灾难性的卫生支出凝聚了家庭的重要关切，这些家庭正努力应对因自付医疗支出增加而产生的显着经济负担。在这方面,这项研究调查了印度住院医疗支出的性质和规模。它还探讨了住院灾难性健康支出的发生率和决定因素。
方法：该研究使用了第75轮全国抽样调查中对印度93.925户家庭收集的微观水平数据。描述性统计用于检查性质，住院医疗支出的规模和发生率。应用异方差概率模型探讨了住院灾难性医疗支出的决定因素。
结果：住院医疗支出的主要部分由床位费和药品支出组成。此外，结果表明，印度家庭每月消费支出的11％用于住院医疗，而28％的家庭正在努力应对因住院医疗水平提高而造成的经济负担的复杂性。Further,这项研究发现，较大的家庭和没有厕所设施和适当废物处理计划的家庭更容易在住院医疗活动中面临经济负担。最后,这项研究的结果还确保拥有厕所和安全饮用水设施的家庭减少了面临灾难性住院医疗支出的机会。
结论：每月消费支出的很大一部分用于印度家庭的住院医疗保健。报告还指出，住院医疗支出对印度近四分之一的家庭来说是一个沉重的负担。最后,它还澄清了社会经济条件和家庭卫生状况的影响，因为这对他们的住院医疗有很大影响。
方法：该研究使用了第75轮全国抽样调查中对印度93.925户家庭收集的微观水平数据。描述性统计用于检查性质，住院医疗支出的规模和发生率。应用异方差概率模型探讨了住院灾难性医疗支出的决定因素。
结果：住院医疗支出的主要部分由床位费和药品支出组成。此外，结果表明，印度家庭每月消费支出的11％用于住院医疗，而28％的家庭正在努力应对因住院医疗水平提高而造成的经济负担的复杂性。Further,这项研究发现，较大的家庭和没有厕所设施和适当废物处理计划的家庭更容易在住院医疗活动中面临经济负担。最后,这项研究的结果还确保拥有厕所和安全饮用水设施的家庭减少了面临灾难性住院医疗支出的机会。
结论：每月消费支出的很大一部分用于印度家庭的住院医疗保健。报告还指出，住院医疗支出对印度近四分之一的家庭来说是一个沉重的负担。最后,它还澄清了社会经济条件和家庭卫生状况的影响，因为这对他们的住院医疗有很大影响。
