PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Animal vigilance is often investigated under a narrow set of scenarios, but this approach may overestimate its contribution to animal lives. A solution may be to sample all looking behaviours and investigate numerous competing hypotheses in a single analysis. In this study, using a wild group of habituated chacma baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) as a model system, we implemented a framework for predicting the key drivers of looking by comparing the strength of a full array of biological hypotheses. This included methods for defining individual-specific social threat environments, quantifying individual tolerance to human observers, and incorporating predator resource selection functions. Although we found evidence supporting reactionary and within-group (social) vigilance hypotheses, risk factors did not predict looking with the greatest precision, suggesting vigilance was not a major component of the animals\' behavioural patterns generally. Instead, whilst some behaviours constrain opportunities for looking, many shared compatibility with looking, alleviating the pressure to be pre-emptively vigilant for threats. Exploring looking patterns in a thorough multi-hypothesis framework should be feasible across a range of taxa, offering new insights into animal behaviour that could alter our concepts of fear ecology.
摘要：
动物警惕性通常在一组狭窄的情况下进行调查，但是这种方法可能高估了它对动物生命的贡献。解决方案可能是对所有外观行为进行采样，并在一次分析中调查许多相互竞争的假设。在这项研究中,使用一组习惯性的chacma狒狒（Papioursinusgiseipes）作为模型系统，我们实施了一个框架，通过比较一系列生物学假设的强度来预测观察的关键驱动因素。这包括定义个人特定社会威胁环境的方法，量化个人对人类观察者的容忍度，并结合捕食者资源选择功能。尽管我们发现了支持反动和群体内（社会）警惕假设的证据，危险因素没有以最大的精度预测寻找，提示警惕性通常不是动物行为模式的主要组成部分。相反，虽然有些行为限制了寻找的机会，许多与查找共享的兼容性，减轻对威胁先发制人的压力。在一个全面的多假设框架中探索寻找模式应该在一系列分类单元中是可行的，提供对动物行为的新见解，可以改变我们的恐惧生态学概念。
