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Abstract：
The exponential growth of therapeutic ultrasound applications demonstrates the power of the technology to leverage the combinations of transducer technology and treatment monitoring techniques to effectively control the preferred bioeffect to elicit the desired clinical effect.Objective: This review provides an overview of the most commonly used bioeffects in therapeutic ultrasound and describes existing transducer technologies and monitoring techniques to ensure treatment safety and efficacy.Methods and materials: Literature reviews were conducted to identify key choices that essential in terms of transducer design, treatment parameters and procedure monitoring for therapeutic ultrasound applications. Effective combinations of these options are illustrated through descriptions of several clinical indications, including uterine fibroids, prostate disease, liver cancer, and brain cancer, that have been successful in leveraging therapeutic ultrasound to provide effective patient treatments.Results: Despite technological constraints, there are multiple ways to achieve a desired bioeffect with therapeutic ultrasound in a target tissue. Visualizations of the interplay of monitoring modality, bioeffect, and applied acoustic parameters are presented that demonstrate the interconnectedness of the field of therapeutic ultrasound. While the clinical indications explored in this review are at different points in the clinical evaluation path, based on the ever expanding research being conducted in preclinical realms, it is clear that additional clinical applications of therapeutic ultrasound that utilize a myriad of bioeffects will continue to grow and improve in the coming years.Conclusions: Therapeutic ultrasound will continue to improve in the next decades as the combination of transducer technology and treatment monitoring techniques will continue to evolve and be translated in clinical settings, leading to more personalized and efficient therapeutic ultrasound mediated therapies.
摘要：
治疗性超声应用的指数增长证明了该技术利用换能器技术和治疗监测技术的组合来有效控制优选的生物效应以引起期望的临床效果的能力。目的：这篇综述概述了治疗性超声中最常用的生物效应，并描述了现有的换能器技术和监测技术，以确保治疗安全性和有效性。方法和材料：进行了文献综述，以确定在换能器设计方面必不可少的关键选择，治疗超声应用的治疗参数和程序监测。通过对几种临床适应症的描述说明了这些选择的有效组合，包括子宫肌瘤,前列腺疾病,肝癌,和脑癌，已成功利用治疗性超声为患者提供有效的治疗。结果：尽管有技术限制，在靶组织中使用治疗性超声有多种方式来实现期望的生物效应。监测模态相互作用的可视化，生物效应，并提出了应用的声学参数，这些参数证明了治疗超声领域的相互关联性。虽然本综述中探讨的临床适应症在临床评估路径中处于不同点，基于在临床前领域进行的不断扩大的研究，显然，利用无数生物效应的治疗性超声的其他临床应用将在未来几年继续增长和改进。结论：随着换能器技术和治疗监测技术的结合将继续发展并在临床环境中转化，治疗性超声将在未来几十年继续改进。导致更个性化和有效的治疗超声介导疗法。
