Abstract：
Diet play an important role in the development of cancer. A lot of research has been done on the role of individual nutrients or phytochemicals and cancer risk. Both harmful and beneficial associations of this nutrient have been observed with cancer. However, there is an interaction of individual dietary constituents to influence disease risk. On the other hand, examining the diet as a whole as is done in dietary patterns research may produce more accurate estimates and data that can be more easily translated into dietary recommendations. Dietary patterns and cancer research are becoming increasingly common in the epidemiology literature, and novel dietary patterns are being generated at a rapid pace. However, major issues remain over whether one general \"healthy\" dietary pattern can be suggested for cancer prevention or whether several diets should be advocated for different forms of cancer protection. It is challenging to study typical human diet in animal model that is appropriate for cancer prevention. Some dietary patterns, such as the ketogenic diet or macronutrient composition alteration, have been investigated more extensively in animal models than in humans in terms of cancer prevention, and bigger human observational studies are now needed to advise dietary guidelines. The question of whether to adapt nutritional guidelines to population subgroups based on susceptibility factors (for example, family history, sex, age, other lifestyle factors or comorbidities, metabolomics signatures, or microbiota-based profiles) is still open and will be crucial in moving the field forward.
摘要：
饮食在癌症的发展中起着重要作用。已经对个体营养素或植物化学物质和癌症风险的作用进行了大量研究。已经观察到这种营养素与癌症的有害和有益关联。然而,个体膳食成分之间存在相互作用以影响疾病风险。另一方面,像在膳食模式研究中那样检查整个饮食可能会产生更准确的估计和数据，这些数据可以更容易地转化为饮食建议。饮食模式和癌症研究在流行病学文献中变得越来越普遍，新的饮食模式正在迅速产生。然而,是否可以建议一种通用的“健康的”饮食模式来预防癌症，或者是否应该提倡几种饮食来保护不同形式的癌症，仍然存在主要问题。在动物模型中研究适合于癌症预防的典型人类饮食是具有挑战性的。一些饮食习惯，例如生酮饮食或大量营养素组成的改变，在癌症预防方面，在动物模型中进行了比在人类中更广泛的研究，现在需要更大的人类观察研究来建议饮食指南。是否根据易感因素使营养指南适应人口亚组的问题（例如，家族史,性别,年龄,其他生活方式因素或合并症，代谢组学特征，或基于微生物群的概况）仍然是开放的，对于推动该领域的发展至关重要。
