PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Immigrants and their native-born children often face considerable wage penalties relative to natives, but less is known about whether this inequality arises through differences in educational qualifications, segregation across occupations and establishments, or unequal pay for the same work. Using linked employer-employee data from Norway, the authors ask whether immigrant-native wage disparities 1) reflect differences in detailed educational qualifications, labor market segregation, or within-job pay differences; 2) differ by immigrant generation; and 3) vary across different segments of the labor market. They find that immigrant-native wage disparities primarily reflect sorting into lower-paying jobs, and that wage disadvantages are considerably reduced across immigrant generations. When doing the same work for the same employer, immigrant-background workers, especially children of immigrants, earn similar wages to natives. Sorting into jobs seems more meritocratic for university graduates, for professionals, and in the public sector, but within-job pay differences are strikingly similar across market segments.
摘要：
相对于本地人，移民及其本地出生的孩子经常面临相当大的工资处罚，但是对于这种不平等是否由于教育资格的差异而引起的人们知之甚少，跨职业和机构的隔离，或者同样的工作不平等的工资。使用来自挪威的关联雇主-雇员数据，作者询问移民与本地人的工资差距1)是否反映了详细教育资格的差异，劳动力市场隔离，或工作内工资差异；2）因移民一代而异；3）劳动力市场的不同部分有所不同。他们发现，移民与本地人的工资差异主要反映了对低薪工作的排序，而且移民世代的工资劣势大大减少。为同一个雇主做同样的工作时，移民背景的工人，尤其是移民的孩子，赚取与当地人相似的工资。对于大学毕业生来说，整理工作似乎更有才华，对于专业人士来说,在公共部门，但是在各个细分市场中，工作内的工资差异惊人地相似。
