Abstract：
Aging significantly impacts the hematopoietic system, reducing its regenerative capacity and ability to restore homeostasis after stress. Mouse models have been invaluable in studying this process due to their shorter lifespan and the ability to explore genetic, treatment, and environmental influences on aging. However, not all aspects of aging are mirrored between species. This review compares three key aging biomarkers in the hematopoietic systems of mice and humans: myeloid bias, telomere attrition, and epigenetic clocks. Myeloid bias, marked by an increased fraction of myeloid cells and decreased lymphoid cells, is a significant aging marker in mice but is scarcely observed in humans after childhood. Conversely, telomere length is a robust aging biomarker in humans, whereas mice exhibit significantly different telomere dynamics, making telomere length less reliable in the murine system. Epigenetic clocks, based on DNA methylation changes at specific genomic regions, provide precise estimates of chronologic age in both mice and humans. Notably, age-associated regions in mice and humans occur at homologous genomic locations. Epigenetic clocks, depending on the epigenetic signatures used, also capture aspects of biological aging, offering powerful tools to assess genetic and environmental impacts on aging. Taken together, not all blood aging biomarkers are transferable between mice and humans. When using murine models to extrapolate human aging, it may be advantageous to focus on aging phenomena observed in both species. In conclusion, although mouse models offer significant insights, selecting appropriate biomarkers is crucial for translating findings to human aging.
摘要：
衰老显著影响造血系统，降低其再生能力和恢复应激后稳态的能力。小鼠模型由于其寿命较短和探索遗传的能力，在研究这一过程中具有不可估量的价值，治疗,和环境对衰老的影响。然而,并非所有的老化方面都反映在物种之间。这篇综述比较了小鼠和人类造血系统中三个关键的衰老生物标志物：骨髓偏见，端粒磨耗，和表观遗传时钟。髓系偏倚,以骨髓细胞比例增加和淋巴细胞减少为标志，是小鼠的显着衰老标记，但在童年后的人类中几乎没有观察到。相反，端粒长度是人类一个强大的衰老生物标志物，而小鼠表现出明显不同的端粒动力学，使端粒长度在小鼠系统中不太可靠。表观遗传时钟,基于特定基因组区域的DNA甲基化变化，提供小鼠和人类实际年龄的精确估计。值得注意的是,小鼠和人类的年龄相关区域出现在同源基因组位置。表观遗传时钟,根据使用的表观遗传特征，还捕获了生物老化的各个方面，提供强大的工具来评估遗传和环境对衰老的影响。一起来看,并非所有的血液老化生物标志物都可以在小鼠和人类之间转移。当使用鼠类模型推断人类衰老时，它可能是有利的集中在老化现象观察到在这两个物种。总之,虽然小鼠模型提供了重要的见解，选择合适的生物标志物对于将研究结果转化为人类衰老至关重要。
