Abstract：
Sex difference stands as a crucial factor necessitating consideration in personalized thermal environment control, with the mechanisms of its emergence potentially differing across different thermal environments. However, a comparative analysis of sex differences regarding body temperature (skin and core body temperature) and thermal perception across different environments is lacking. A stable environmental experiment (comprising three conditions: 16 °C, 20 °C, and 24 °C) and a transient environmental experiment (involving a whole-body step-change from 19 °C to 35 °C and back to 19 °C) were conducted, with participation from 20 young males and 20 young females. Skin temperature and core body temperature were continuously recorded during the experiments, and three types of thermal perceptions were regularly collected. The results showed that: (1) The impact of thermal environment on females\' skin temperature surpassed that on males, in stable environment, with every 1 °C rise in ambient temperature, the mean skin temperature increased by 0.28 °C for males and 0.35 °C for females respectively; in transient environment, females\' mean skin temperature raise and fell at a faster rate. (2) Males exhibited stronger thermal regulation abilities than females, particularly evident during sudden increase in ambient temperature (from 19 °C to 35 °C), where the reduction magnitude of males\' core body temperature was notably larger. (3) Whether in stable or transient environments, significant sex differences often occurred in skin temperature and thermal sensation at distal parts, particularly at the hand. (4) Males typically fed back higher levels of thermal comfort and thermal acceptability than females, suggesting that in addition to physiological sex differences, psychological sex distinctions also play a role. In summary, personalized design for stable thermal environment can focus on sex differences in skin temperature, while transient thermal environment requires consideration of both skin temperature and core body temperature. A comprehensive consideration of physiological and psychological sex differences aids in creating personalized thermal environments with greater precision.
摘要：
性别差异是个性化热环境控制中需要考虑的关键因素，它的出现机制在不同的热环境中可能有所不同。然而,缺乏对不同环境中体温(皮肤和核心体温)和热感知的性别差异的比较分析。稳定的环境实验（包括三个条件：16°C，20°C,和24°C）并进行了瞬态环境实验（涉及从19°C到35°C再回到19°C的全身阶跃变化），有20名年轻男性和20名年轻女性参与。在实验过程中连续记录皮肤温度和核心体温，并定期收集三种类型的热感知。结果表明:(1)热环境对女性皮肤温度的影响超过对男性皮肤温度的影响,在稳定的环境中，环境温度每升高1°C,男性的平均皮肤温度分别增加了0.28°C和女性的0.35°C；在短暂的环境中，女性意味着皮肤温度以更快的速度上升和下降。(2)男性表现出比女性更强的热调节能力，在环境温度突然升高（从19°C到35°C）时尤其明显，其中男性核心体温的降低幅度明显更大。（3）无论是在稳定或瞬态环境中，皮肤温度和远端部位的热感觉经常发生显著的性别差异，尤其是手。（4）男性通常比女性反馈更高的热舒适度和热可接受性，这表明除了生理上的性别差异，心理上的性别差异也起作用。总之,稳定的热环境的个性化设计可以关注皮肤温度的性别差异，而瞬态热环境需要同时考虑皮肤温度和核心体温。综合考虑生理和心理性别差异有助于以更高的精度创建个性化的热环境。
