PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has received considerable attention, especially in persistent cases that take a long time to recover. This review discusses the integration of different components of the olfactory epithelium to serve as a structural and functional unit and explores how they are affected during viral infections, leading to the development of olfactory dysfunction. The review mainly focused on the role of receptors mediating the disruption of olfactory signal transduction pathways such as angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), neuropilin 1 (NRP1), basigin (CD147), olfactory, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), purinergic, and interferon gamma receptors. Furthermore, the compromised function of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its contribution to olfactory dysfunction are also discussed. Collectively, this review provides fundamental information about the many types of receptors that may modulate olfaction and participate in olfactory dysfunction. It will help to understand the underlying pathophysiology of virus-induced anosmia, which may help in finding and designing effective therapies targeting molecules involved in viral invasion and olfaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only review that covered all the receptors potentially involved in, or mediating, the disruption of olfactory signal transduction pathways during COVID-19 infection. This wide and complex spectrum of receptors that mediates the pathophysiology of olfactory dysfunction reflects the many ways in which anosmia can be therapeutically managed.
摘要：
嗅觉感知是人类福祉和健康的重要生理功能。失去嗅觉，或者是嗅觉缺失,由病毒感染引起，如严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），受到了相当多的关注，尤其是在需要很长时间才能恢复的持续病例中。这篇综述讨论了嗅觉上皮的不同成分作为结构和功能单位的整合，并探讨了它们在病毒感染期间如何受到影响。导致嗅觉功能障碍的发展。本文主要综述了血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)等受体介导嗅觉信号转导通路破坏的作用,跨膜蛋白酶丝氨酸2型（TMPRSS2），神经菌毛蛋白1（NRP1），Basigin(CD147),嗅觉,瞬时受体电位香草酸1（TRPV1），嘌呤能,和干扰素γ受体.此外，还讨论了SARS-CoV-2感染引起的上皮钠通道（ENaC）功能受损及其对嗅觉功能障碍的贡献。总的来说，这篇综述提供了许多类型的受体的基本信息，这些受体可能调节嗅觉和参与嗅觉功能障碍。这将有助于了解病毒引起的嗅觉缺失的潜在病理生理学，这可能有助于寻找和设计有效的治疗方法，靶向涉及病毒入侵和嗅觉的分子。据我们所知,这是唯一涵盖所有可能涉及的受体的审查，或者调解，COVID-19感染过程中嗅觉信号转导通路的破坏。介导嗅觉功能障碍的病理生理学的这种广泛而复杂的受体谱反映了可以治疗性失语症的许多方式。
