PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Thyroid function is closely linked to nutrition through the diet-gut-thyroid axis. This narrative review highlights the influence of nutritional components and micronutrients on thyroid development and function, as well as on the gut microbiota. Micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 influence thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation throughout life. Dietary changes can alter the gut microbiota, leading not just to dysbiosis and micronutrient deficiency but also to changes in thyroid function through immunological regulation, nutrient absorption, and epigenetic changes. Nutritional imbalance can lead to thyroid dysfunction and/or disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and possibly contribute to autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, yet controversial issues. Understanding these relationships is important to rationalize a balanced diet rich in essential micronutrients for maintaining thyroid health and preventing thyroid-related diseases. The synthetic comprehensive overview of current knowledge shows the importance of micronutrients and gut microbiota for thyroid function and uncovers potential gaps that require further investigation.
摘要：
甲状腺功能通过饮食-肠-甲状腺轴与营养密切相关。这篇叙述性综述强调了营养成分和微量营养素对甲状腺发育和功能的影响。以及肠道微生物群。微量营养素如碘，硒,铁,锌，铜，镁，维生素A,和维生素B12影响甲状腺激素的合成和调节整个生命。饮食变化可以改变肠道微生物群，不仅导致菌群失调和微量营养素缺乏，而且通过免疫调节导致甲状腺功能的变化，营养吸收，和表观遗传变化。营养失衡可导致甲状腺功能障碍和/或疾病，比如甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺功能亢进，并可能导致自身免疫性甲状腺疾病和甲状腺癌，但有争议的问题。了解这些关系对于合理化富含必需微量营养素的均衡饮食对于维持甲状腺健康和预防甲状腺相关疾病非常重要。对当前知识的综合综合概述显示了微量营养素和肠道微生物群对甲状腺功能的重要性，并揭示了需要进一步研究的潜在差距。
