Abstract：
Pufferfish is one of the most poisonous marine organisms, responsible for numerous poisoning incidents and some human fatalities due to its capability to accumulate potent neurotoxins such as tetrodotoxins (TTXs) and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). In this study, tissue extracts (muscle, skin, liver, intestinal tract and gonads) obtained from sixteen pufferfish specimens of the Lagocephalus lagocephalus and Sphoeroides pachygaster species, collected along the Spanish Mediterranean coast, were analysed for the presence of voltage-gated sodium channel (also known as Nav channel) blockers using cell-based assay (CBA) and automated patch clamp (APC). No toxicity was observed in any of the S. pachygaster specimens, but toxicity was detected in the liver of most L. lagocephalus specimens. Instrumental analysis of these specimens, as well as in one Lagocephalus sceleratus specimen, by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was performed, which confirmed the presence of PSTs only in L. lagocephalus specimens. This analysis reported the presence of saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) in all positive samples, being dcSTX the major analogue. These results demonstrate the ability of this species to accumulate PSTs, being the first report of the presence of PSTs in Mediterranean L.lagocephalus specimens. Furthermore, the presence of high PSTs contents in all five tested tissues of one L. lagocephalus specimen pointed the risk that the presence of this toxic fish in the Mediterranean Sea may represent for seafood safety and human health in case of accidental consumption.
摘要：
河豚是最有毒的海洋生物之一，由于其能够积累强效的神经毒素，例如河豚毒素（TTXs）和麻痹性贝类毒素（PST），因此导致许多中毒事件和一些人类死亡。在这项研究中,组织提取物(肌肉，皮肤,肝脏,肠道和性腺）从Lagocephaluslagocephalus和Sphoeroroidespachygaster物种的16种河豚标本中获得，在西班牙地中海沿岸收集，使用基于细胞的测定（CBA）和自动膜片钳（APC）分析电压门控钠通道（也称为Nav通道）阻断剂的存在。在任何一种S.pachygaster标本中均未观察到毒性，但在大多数lagocephalus标本的肝脏中检测到毒性。这些标本的仪器分析，以及在一个Lagocephalussc标本中，通过高效液相色谱偶联荧光检测(HPLC-FLD),这证实了仅在拉头乳杆菌标本中存在PST。该分析报告在所有阳性样品中都存在沙克霉素（STX）和脱氨基甲毒素（dcSTX），作为dcSTX的主要类似物。这些结果证明了该物种积累PST的能力，是关于地中海Lagocephalus标本中存在PST的第一份报告。此外，一个Lagocephalus标本的所有五个测试组织中的PST含量都很高，这表明在意外食用的情况下，地中海中这种有毒鱼类的存在可能代表海鲜安全和人类健康。
