Abstract：
In this study, we devised a radiation protection tool specifically designed for healthcare professionals and students engaged in cardiac catheterization to easily monitor and evaluate scattered radiation distribution across diverse C-arm angles and arbitrary physician associated staff positions-scrub nurse and technologist positions. In this study, scattered radiation distributions in an angiography room were calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation of particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) code. Four visualizations were performed under different C-arm angles with and without radiation protection: (1) a dose profile, (2) a 2D cross-section, (3) a 3D scattered radiation distribution, and (4) a 4D scattered radiation distribution. The simulation results detailing the scattered radiation distribution in PHITS were exported in Visualization Toolkit format and visualized through the open-source visualization application ParaView for analysis. Visualization of the scattered dose showed that dose distribution depends on the C-arm angle and the x-ray machine output parameters (kV, mAs s-1, beam filtration) which depend upon beam angulation to the patient body. When irradiating in the posterior-anterior direction, the protective curtain decreased the dose by 62% at a point 80 cm from the floor, where the physician\'s gonads are positioned. Placing the protection board close to the x-ray tube reduced the dose by 24% at a location 160 cm from the floor, where the lens of the eye is situated. Notably, positioning the protection board adjacent to the physician resulted in a 95.4% reduction in incident air kerma. These visualization displays can be combined to understand the spread and direction of the scattered radiation distribution and to determine where and how to operate and place radiation protection devices, accounting for the different beam angulations encountered in interventional cases. This study showed that scatter visualization could be a radiation protection teaching aid for students and medical staff in angiography rooms.
摘要：
在这项研究中,我们设计了一种辐射防护工具，专门为从事心脏导管插入术的医疗保健专业人员和学生设计，以轻松监测和评估跨不同C臂角度和任意医生相关人员位置的散射辐射分布-擦洗护士，技术专家职位。在这项研究中,使用PHITS代码的蒙特卡罗模拟计算血管造影室中的散射辐射分布。在有和没有辐射防护的情况下，在不同的C臂角度下进行了四种可视化：1）剂量曲线，2）二维横截面，3)三维散射辐射分布，和4)4D散射辐射分布。详细说明PHITS中散射辐射分布的仿真结果以VisualizationToolkit（vtk）格式导出，并通过开源可视化应用程序ParaView进行可视化分析。散射剂量的可视化表明，剂量分布取决于C臂角度和X射线机输出参数（kV，mAs/秒，光束过滤），这取决于对患者身体的光束角度。在PA方向照射时,保护帘在距离地板80厘米的地方减少了62%的剂量，医生的性腺所在的地方。将保护板靠近X射线管放置，在距地板160厘米的位置将剂量减少了24％，眼睛的晶状体所在的地方。值得注意的是,将保护板放置在医生附近导致入射空气角膜减少95.4%。这些可视化显示可以组合在一起，以了解散射辐射分布的传播和方向，并确定在何处以及如何操作和放置辐射防护设备，考虑在介入病例中遇到的不同波束角度。这项研究表明，散射可视化可以作为血管造影室学生和医务人员的辐射防护教学辅助工具。
