Abstract：
Negative psychological states impact immunity by altering the gut microbiome. However, the relationship between brain states and microbiome composition remains unclear. We show that Brunner\'s glands in the duodenum couple stress-sensitive brain circuits to bacterial homeostasis. Brunner\'s glands mediated the enrichment of gut Lactobacillus species in response to vagus nerve stimulation. Cell-specific ablation of the glands markedly suppressed Lactobacilli counts and heightened vulnerability to infection. In the forebrain, we mapped a vagally mediated, polysynaptic circuit connecting the central nucleus of the amygdala to Brunner\'s glands. Chronic stress suppressed central amygdala activity and phenocopied the effects of gland lesions. Conversely, excitation of either the central amygdala or parasympathetic vagal neurons activated Brunner\'s glands and reversed the effects of stress on the gut microbiome and immunity. The findings revealed a tractable brain-body mechanism linking psychological states to host defense.
摘要：
负面心理状态通过改变肠道微生物组来影响免疫力。然而,大脑状态与微生物组组成之间的关系尚不清楚.我们表明，十二指肠中的Brunner腺体将压力敏感的脑回路与细菌稳态联系起来。Brunner腺体介导响应迷走神经刺激的肠道乳酸杆菌物种的富集。腺体的细胞特异性消融显着抑制了乳杆菌计数，并增加了感染的脆弱性。在前脑，我们绘制了一个迷走神经介导的，连接杏仁核中央核和Brunner腺体的多突触回路。慢性应激抑制中央杏仁核活动，并表现出腺体病变的作用。相反，中央杏仁核或副交感神经迷走神经元的兴奋激活了Brunner的腺体，并逆转了应激对肠道微生物组和免疫的影响。这些发现揭示了一种将心理状态与宿主防御联系起来的易于处理的脑体机制。
